Showing posts with label from. Show all posts
Showing posts with label from. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 15, 2024

Tortured transportation of animals from the front of the quarantine

 Tortured transportation of animals from the front of the quarantine


An excessive amount of animals are brought in for meat on the occasion of Dashain. Especially, there is a rush of vehicles carrying buffaloes and goats.


These are the sources of meat that we eat according to taste. But if you see the condition of these animals, you and I will be shocked. My heart cries. Because these Awadh animals are tortured in a very cruel manner and dragged in the car. The cruelty is also such that, as if they are heinous criminals.






Buffaloes are transported by tying their trunks, natris and tails in one truck so that they cannot sit at all. That too is more than capacity. Don't let him eat the grain. Not for one day, but for four or five days.


When brought to Kathmandu, these animals are already weak, sick and injured. There are wounds on their bodies. Nathri's rope is tightened and her head is cut off. The tail is swollen.







Not only the horned buffalo, but also the khasiboka seems to have the same strangeness. Some are tied to the roof, some are locked in a dinky and transported under torture.


When you reach Nagadhunga at this time, you will be heartbroken by such scenes.


While transporting animals in such a cruel way is considered a crime. Animal transport standards have been made to ensure that they can be easily transported. The state has established animal quarantine in various places to monitor or monitor whether the standard is being followed. Staff have been assigned to quarantine. But there, Awadh animals are transported from the front of the quarantine, as if there is no law and order in the country.


28 buffaloes were brought in a vehicle that came from Rupandehi to Nagadhunga in Kathmandu on Tuesday. They were tied to their tails and brought in such a way that it was difficult for them to turn around. Similarly, they brought 22 goats on the roof of the passenger bus that came to Kathmandu from Sindhuli and on the coach. While animals cannot be transported in passenger vehicles.


The driver of the vehicle says that they do not know that it is not possible to bring goats by placing them on the roof of the passenger car and pulling them in the trunk. "We do not know that it is not possible to bring a goat in a passenger vehicle. He says that there is no information about what are the shipping standards and what kind of fines will be imposed if they are violated.


Even after telling them that bringing animals in this way is against the standard, they did not say that they made a mistake and that they will not bring animals in this way from now on. On the contrary, they began to abuse the animal quarantine that stopped the vehicle, 'This law applies only to farmers and the poor like us, not to the elders. What happens when you carry a little goat during Dashain? Take them to Kathmandu and cut them up and eat them.


The Animal Quarantine asked them to bring another vehicle and take the goat but they refused. Quarantine immediately sent them away after paying a fine.




In this way, quarantine could not have sent those transporting animals against the standard to Kathmandu, but they sent them after paying a fine. If only fines are paid and discounts are given to those who transport animals against the standards, this process will continue continuously. Therefore, it is necessary to pass the Animal Welfare Act as soon as possible.


In Section 290 of the Criminal Code of the Civil Code, there is a provision that cruelty to animals should not be treated and if it is done, it is punishable by imprisonment up to three months or a fine of five thousand rupees or both imprisonment and fine. But neither the standards are followed nor action is taken.


Lakshmi Ghimire, Field Officer of Animal Nepal, also reached Nagadhunga to see if the animal transportation was done according to the standards. "Even though animal rights activists are constantly raising their voice that animal transportation should be in accordance with the standards, it has not been fully implemented," she said.


Ghimire says, 'Animals transported in meat production should be treated according to standards. If the standards are not met, the meat is not healthy. It affects people. Therefore, the issue of animal welfare is directly related to people.


The Animal Department under the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock has the first responsibility to monitor whether the animals are being transported in accordance with the standards. Animal department can monitor by keeping quarantine. Also Nepal Police can monitor and control it. Advocate Padam Bahadur Shrestha says that if the standards are not followed, the shipment can be stopped and fined as well.


Also, despite the 17 years since the animal transportation standard was made, its implementation has not been done properly. Due to the non-implementation of this standard, the buffaloes and goats that enter Kathmandu Valley for meat during Dashain are coming back safely.




Animals are being transported in a cruel way because the standards issued in 2064 are limited to paper. Even though the law prohibiting extreme torture of animals has been passed in Nepal many times, it has not been implemented.


According to the standards, every vehicle transporting animals should have a first aid box. Similarly, animals with different physical structure cannot be transported in the same vehicle. Padapadi should not be mixed with buffalo. All buffaloes, chamois must have their heads and faces facing the front of the vehicle towards the driver. Even the nose and tail cannot be tied. 6 inch thick straw, chaff or sotar should be kept in the wagons for keeping buffaloes and buffaloes.


The body of the animal must be foamed on the side of the vehicle that will be hit. Animals should have 0.84 to 1.27 square meters of space inside the vehicle. By doing this, as many as 20 animals are placed in one truck.


If we look at the transportation of animals to the capital Kathmandu via Prithvi Highway and Tribhuvan Rajpath for meat, many examples of non-compliance can be found. This highway Because of this, thousands of buffaloes and goats are brought into the capital every day, and they are transported in a painful way with extreme torture.

Wednesday, September 6, 2023

From fruit to coffee, these foods are best not to eat during pregnancy

From fruit to coffee, these foods are best not to eat during pregnancy


During pregnancy, some people have a craving for sweet foods. Some people like to eat sweet and sour, some like sweet. At this time, the brain produces neuropeptide hormones, which work to stimulate hunger.



According to the geography, their choice will be different. Generally, women in western countries like sweet foods like ice cream and cakes. Women in eastern countries like sour, bitter and bitter foods like spicy, turkey.

However, eating fancy foods during pregnancy is not so appropriate.


Because the mother's diet has a direct effect on the child growing in the womb. Therefore, you should be careful about what you eat or what you don't eat at this time.



1. fruit


Fruits should not be eaten during pregnancy. Nuts contain 'benzyl isothiocyanate', due to which excessive consumption can be toxic to the body.


In this case, if a pregnant woman eats the fruit, there may be a risk of miscarriage. Even raw fruit should not be eaten during pregnancy. Enzyme found in raw fruit helps in uterine contraction. Because of this, there is a higher risk of miscarriage.


2. Smoking and drinking


Smoking and drinking alcohol during pregnancy can be a risk for the baby. The chemicals in cigarettes shrink the blood vessels in the uterus, which can cause the baby to be underweight in the womb, cause labor pains before the due date, and hinder the development of the penis.


Drinking alcohol can be even more dangerous. It can lead to mutilation of the body in the womb.


3. Caffeinated foods


Most people prefer to drink coffee, but pregnant women are advised to consume less caffeine. According to health experts, pregnant women should consume less than 200 milligrams of caffeine per day.


Caffeine dissolves quickly in the body and reaches the umbilical cord. A fetus does not have metabolic enzymes due to which it can be harmed. Consuming too much caffeine during pregnancy can hinder the baby's weight and growth.


4. Junk food


During pregnancy, you should eat only foods rich in nutrients for the development of the baby.


You should stay away from junk food during this time. Because junk foods lack nutrients and are high in sugar and calories. Eating junk food leads to nutritional deficiency. Also, weight increases quickly and this can cause many problems during delivery. During pregnancy, your diet should include plenty of fruits, green vegetables, protein, folate and iron.


5. Raw eggs and undercooked meat


There are some meat-based foods like kachela, which are not fully cooked. Such foods should not be eaten during pregnancy.


Most of the bacteria are found on the surface of the meat while some are found inside the meat. Therefore, eating raw or undercooked meats is also harmful for pregnant women. Its consumption can cause neurological diseases in the unborn child by infecting many types of bacteria such as Toxoplasma, Listeria and Salmonella.


Similarly, some people also eat raw eggs saying that they are more nutritious. Raw eggs have more nutrients than cooked eggs. However, it is better not to eat raw eggs during pregnancy. Because raw eggs contain salmonella bacteria. Which can cause fever, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. In some cases, this infection can cause uterine cramps, which can lead to premature birth.

Do dogs really keep people away from depression?

Do dogs really keep people away from depression?


During the lockdown caused by the Corona pandemic, Kul Prasad Baral bought a golden retriever puppy and brought it to his home. He was not fond of dogs and had no affection for them. However, he says that after the school was closed, he brought a puppy to his granddaughter, who was locked inside the room, as a 'friend'.



"When she was alone, she didn't have a friend to play with, she started hanging around on her mobile around the clock," said Baral, who has a permanent home in Jhapa, "that's why we brought a puppy to play with."


Niroj Dangal, an animal technician at Pet House in Radheradhe, Bhaktapur, says that during the lockdown, the sale of puppies increased rapidly.


In the past, some people used to keep dogs in Lahalhaima or Dukhasekhi. At that time, people did not know what breed of dog to choose, for what purpose to keep it, how to keep it. However, he says that now the number of dog breeders is increasing due to their needs.



"Now a lot of people seem to take dogs home to get rid of loneliness," says Dangal.


A study by the National Alliance of Mental Illness says, 'The presence of a dog keeps people free from depression. Playing with dogs does not make you feel lonely. It helps to keep away from anxiety, stress, depression. At the same time, it keeps the dog physically active as it has to be played and rocked.


Psychologist Dr. We asked this question to Basudev Karki. Can dogs help people to be stress free?


In response, he said, 'A person's loneliness is also a factor behind depression or anxiety. An empty mind is like the devil's house, when you live alone, many things play in your mind. Loneliness can also make people depressed. When a dog or a pet is with you, you don't feel alone. Due to this, one gets rid of depression, stress, anxiety etc.'


According to him, depression is generally divided into 3 stages, normal, moderate and complex. If you have mild or moderate depression, pets like dogs can act as therapy. Because in these two stages, rather than medicine, the patient is kept busy with what he likes. This is called behavioral therapy. Petting a dog is also part of behavioral therapy. It is used to keep people away from happiness and loneliness.


"However, there has been no study in Nepal so far that dogs reduce the risk of depression or prevent depression," psychologist Dr. Karki says, "That's why you can't tell about the relationship between dogs and depression."


A dog can understand the owner's mood


According to a report by the Patient Empowerment Network, dogs can sense their owner's mood. One can guess how happy or sad the owner is by looking at the owner's face or expression. Dogs behave accordingly with their owners.


Like, when the owner has come home happily from somewhere, the dog jumps up and comes to play. If the owner looks sad or worried, the dog slowly approaches and sits with the owner, humming.


The common thread of some studies is that dogs can help reduce everything from depression to anxiety and aggression and other mental health problems.


How does a dog keep away from depression?


Veterinary Dr. According to Pranav Joshi, a dog is an animal that likes and wants to mingle easily with people. Dogs always want to be close to people. Prefers to play with people. Being a sociable animal, dogs do not let people feel lonely.


Also, dogs play a helpful role in keeping people alert, active and mentally busy. There are four reasons why dogs keep people away from depression. Joshi points.


First: After getting a dog, it needs to be fed, groomed, and walked around. Because of the dog, some people go out to the park, go out for a walk outside the house. It keeps people active as they have to walk the dog or play outdoors.


Second: The dog does not let you feel lonely. When we are alone at home, the dog keeps drawing our attention in one way or another. Sometimes it calls to play, sometimes it starts looking for food. Sometimes it barks and jumps. This is how dogs keep people busy.


Third: Dogs help to socialize with other strangers. If there is a neighbor or someone else who keeps a dog, they are well known.


Fourth: Often the average lifespan of pets like dogs and cats is 10 to 15 years. At some point, you have to part with the dog you love. It also teaches people to bear the pain of separation and accept death.


According to the report of the National Alliance of Mental Illness, dogs never make their owners feel sad or lonely. They live together and love so that there is no chance of stress or anxiety in the mind. Also, the dog gives a sense of security and closeness that "I am with you even if no one is around".


According to the American Heart Association, there are 5 ways that pets can help with stress and mental health, including reducing work stress, stimulating creativity, keeping you physically and mentally fit, refreshing, and helping to keep you away from loneliness.


Why do dog bites increase in summer?



In summer, dogs become more aggressive and there is also an increase in dog bites to people? In fact, it is not a coincidence. Recently, American scientists have discovered its underlying cause.


A study conducted by Harvard Medical School on more than 70,000 dog bite cases brought out a strange fact. What is seen from this study is that dogs are becoming more violent over time and this trend is sure to increase.





During the study, it has been observed that the rate of dog attacks on people increases on days when there is more heat and dust. According to researchers, when pollution is high, dog attacks increase by 11 percent compared to other days.


According to scientists, climate change and global warming are increasing due to human causes and its effect is also affecting the mood of dogs.



This research has been published on June 15 in Scientific Reports of the journal Nature. The study was conducted for 10 years in 8 major US cities. What it clearly shows is that the winter season is very hot and the days when the amount of dust and smoke increases, the aggressiveness of the dog also seems to increase.


According to research, dog bites increase by 11 percent when exposure to UV rays increases. In summer, it increases by another 4 percent, while the fear of dog bites increases by another 3 percent on days with increased ozone levels.


Similarly, it has been observed that dog bites increase by 1 percent even when there is heavy rain.


Effects of heat on humans too


What some studies have shown is that there is a direct relationship between crime incidents and high temperatures, i.e. hot weather.


Amsterdam-based Vrij University conducted a study on the subject, the results of which were published in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences. It analyzed the relationship between climate, human aggression and self-control.


According to researchers, the climate in which people live plays a role in controlling or provoking their anger. People become more aggressive and crime rates increase in hot weather, which decreases in cooler areas.


Recent studies have shown that this trend in humans also applies to dogs.


4 things to keep in mind when taking your dog outside for a walk


Not everyone keeps a dog at home only in Dekhasiki or Lahad. Some people keep it for the security of the house, while others keep the dog with them to make the family atmosphere fun. To avoid loneliness, the tribe of dog breeders is growing.


After keeping a dog at home, it is not only necessary to feed him properly, but also to give him time. Many breeds of dogs are very energetic and need to be taken outside regularly. The problem is that we do not have a separate park for dogs.





Chowk, street, roadside or any open place should be used. In such a situation, there is a situation where local people and neighbors have to abuse. Because they defecate and urinate on random dogs, bark and bark at cats, and eat whatever they find on the road.


Therefore, before taking your pet dog outside for a walk, you should take care of a few things.



1. Carry a fold picker


When taking the dog outside, care should be taken about how to manage and dispose of the feces. When going outside, you should make it a habit to defecate and urinate in a certain place. Also, you should carry a potty picker (faeces picker) with you. In this way, the faeces should be kept in polythene and disposed of properly.


2. Lead with a rope


Pet dogs can run wild when they are let out. While running in this way, it can attack people and fight with other dogs. So if possible wear a rope (harness and leash) and walk with you.


3. Learn to walk with yourself


A dog is taught the same behavior at a young age. You can get into the habit of walking with yourself while swinging outside. Especially it is best to make a habit of walking on a rope. While walking in this way, the dog may pull the rope and try to run around. But if they are taught to walk with you from a young age, they will not pull the rope, they will walk straight.


4. Get vaccinated


Dogs may bite others for some reason while walking outside. Or can fight with street dogs. At such times, there is a fear of spreading and spreading an infection like rabies. Therefore, certain vaccinations should be given to the dog at an early age. It should be taken out of the house only after giving such a vaccine.


Do you have to take all the dogs outside for a walk?


Generally there are two types of dogs, big and small. There are large breeds like Siberian Husky, German Shepherd, Cocker Spaniel, Golden Retriever, Dalmation. They must be taken outside the house for half to an hour a day. Such dogs should be allowed to run, play and exercise outside the house or in the open.


It is not enough to keep such dogs indoors and exercise them. Because they need exercise according to their body structure, they have to play in open spaces.


However, small breed dogs such as Shiba Inu, Beagle, Pug, Dudal, Golden Retriever, Spania, Japanese Spitz are only allowed to play indoors and let them run around the floor. It is not necessary to bring them outside.


Similarly, if the dog is sick, diseased or has a lack of glucose in the body, it should be taken for a walk only with the advice of a veterinarian. Only healthy dogs are allowed to walk outside.


What kind of place to take?


In foreign countries, there is a separate pet park, but in Nepal there is no provision for it. Therefore, to walk the dog, you should choose a large open square, a garden or a place that does not disturb others.


If you take it for a walk in a crowded or crowded place, there is a possibility that the dog will be angry with the person, and the person will be angry with the dog. That's why it is considered suitable for them to be petted in a quiet place with less human traffic, less community dog pressure, and less children. It is also effective to take your dog to a place where there is no stress.

Thursday, July 27, 2023

Do you know about structural functional perspectives from sociology?

Do you know about structural functional perspectives from sociology? 


Sure. Structural functionalism is a sociological theory that views society as a complex system of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function to perform. These parts include institutions such as the family, the economy, and the government. Each institution plays a role in maintaining social order and stability.

For example, the family provides for the physical and emotional needs of its members, the economy produces goods and services that people need, and the government provides for the common good by enforcing laws and protecting citizens from harm.



Structural functionalism is a useful tool for understanding how society works. It can help us to identify the different parts of society and to understand how they interact with each other. It can also help us to understand how social change occurs.

However, structural functionalism has also been criticized for being too simplistic and for ignoring the conflict and inequality that exist in society. It is important to remember that structural functionalism is just one perspective on society, and that other perspectives can offer different insights.

Here are some of the key features of structural functionalism:

Society is a complex system of interrelated parts.

Each part of society has a specific function to perform.

These parts work together to maintain social order and stability.

Social change occurs when there is a disruption in the system.

Here are some examples of how structural functionalism can be used to understand society:

The family: The family is the basic unit of society. It provides for the physical and emotional needs of its members.

The economy: The economy is the system that produces goods and services that people need. It also provides jobs and income for people.

The government: The government is responsible for providing for the common good. It enforces laws, protects citizens from harm, and provides for public services such as education and healthcare.

Structural functionalism is a valuable tool for understanding society. It can help us to identify the different parts of society and to understand how they interact with each other. It can also help us to understand how social change occurs. However, it is important to remember that structural functionalism is just one perspective on society, and that other perspectives can offer different insights.


Historical context of structural functional perspective 

Structural functionalism is a sociological theory that emerged in the early 20th century. It was developed by Émile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Robert Merton, among others. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function to perform. These parts include institutions such as the family, the economy, and the government. Each institution plays a role in maintaining social order and stability.

The historical context of structural functionalism is important to understand in order to appreciate its strengths and weaknesses. Structural functionalism emerged in the early 20th century, a time of great social and economic change. The Industrial Revolution had led to urbanization, mass migration, and the growth of a large working class. These changes had a profound impact on society, and sociologists were eager to develop new theories that could explain these changes.

Structural functionalism was one of the first sociological theories to address the challenges of modern society. It offered a way of understanding how society worked and how it could be maintained in the face of change. Structural functionalism was also a way of justifying the status quo. It argued that society was a well-functioning system, and that any changes to the system would be disruptive and harmful.

Structural functionalism was very influential in the mid-20th century. It was the dominant sociological theory in the United States and Europe. However, structural functionalism began to decline in popularity in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This decline was due to a number of factors, including the rise of new sociological theories such as conflict theory and feminism, and the social and political upheaval of the time.

Despite its decline, structural functionalism remains an important sociological theory. It provides a valuable perspective on society, and it can be used to understand a wide range of social phenomena. However, it is important to remember that structural functionalism is just one perspective on society, and that other perspectives can offer different insights.

Here are some of the key figures in the development of structural functionalism:

Émile Durkheim: Durkheim was a French sociologist who is considered the founder of structural functionalism. He argued that society is a complex system of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function to perform.

Talcott Parsons: Parsons was an American sociologist who was one of the most influential figures in the development of structural functionalism. He developed a complex theory of society that explained how different parts of society interact with each other.

Robert Merton: Merton was an American sociologist who was a student of Parsons. He developed a more critical version of structural functionalism that focused on the dysfunctions of society.

Here are some of the criticisms of structural functionalism:

It is too simplistic: Structural functionalism has been criticized for being too simplistic and for ignoring the conflict and inequality that exist in society.

It is ahistorical: Structural functionalism has also been criticized for being ahistorical. It does not take into account the historical development of society.

It is conservative: Structural functionalism has been criticized for being conservative. It tends to justify the status quo and to discourage social change.

Despite these criticisms, structural functionalism remains an important sociological theory. It provides a valuable perspective on society, and it can be used to understand a wide range of social phenomena.



Key arguments of structural functional perspective 

Sure, here are some of the key arguments of structural functional perspective:

Society is a system: Structural functionalists view society as a system, which is a collection of interrelated parts that work together to achieve a common goal.

Parts of society have functions: Each part of society has a specific function to perform. For example, the family provides for the physical and emotional needs of its members, the economy produces goods and services that people need, and the government provides for the common good by enforcing laws and protecting citizens from harm.

Functions are necessary for stability: The functions that different parts of society perform are necessary for the stability of society. If one part of society fails to perform its function, it can lead to instability and even conflict.

Change is inevitable: Change is inevitable in society. However, structural functionalists believe that change is usually gradual and that it is necessary for the continued adaptation and survival of society.

Here are some examples of how structural functionalism can be used to understand society:

The family: The family is the basic unit of society. It provides for the physical and emotional needs of its members. The family also socializes children and teaches them the norms and values of society.

The economy: The economy is the system that produces goods and services that people need. It also provides jobs and income for people. The economy is important for the stability of society because it provides the resources that people need to live.

The government: The government is responsible for providing for the common good. It enforces laws, protects citizens from harm, and provides for public services such as education and healthcare. The government is important for the stability of society because it provides a way to resolve conflict and to ensure that the needs of all members of society are met.

Structural functionalism is a valuable tool for understanding society. It can help us to identify the different parts of society and to understand how they interact with each other. It can also help us to understand how social change occurs. However, it is important to remember that structural functionalism is just one perspective on society, and that other perspectives can offer different insights.



Structural functionalism is a theoretical perspective that views society as complex system whose parts work together to promote social solidarity. Justify this statement on 1500 words. 

Sure, here is a justification of the statement that structural functionalism is a theoretical perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote social solidarity, in 1500 words.

Structural functionalism is a sociological theory that views society as a complex system of interrelated parts. Each part of society has a specific function to perform, and these functions work together to maintain social order and stability. Structural functionalists believe that society is a well-functioning system, and that any changes to the system would be disruptive and harmful.

One of the key concepts in structural functionalism is social solidarity. Social solidarity is the degree to which members of a society share common values and beliefs, and are committed to the common good. Structural functionalists believe that social solidarity is essential for the stability of society. They argue that when people share common values and beliefs, they are more likely to cooperate with each other and to work together to solve problems.

There are a number of different ways in which structural functionalism can be used to promote social solidarity. One way is through education. Education can help to teach people about the common values and beliefs of society, and it can also help to develop skills and knowledge that are necessary for cooperation and problem-solving. Another way to promote social solidarity is through religion. Religion can provide people with a sense of community and belonging, and it can also help to teach people about moral values and ethics. Finally, social solidarity can also be promoted through government policies. For example, government policies that promote equality and opportunity can help to create a society where everyone feels like they have a stake in the system.

Structural functionalism has been criticized for being too simplistic and for ignoring conflict and inequality in society. However, it remains an important sociological theory. It provides a valuable perspective on society, and it can be used to understand a wide range of social phenomena.

Here are some specific examples of how structural functionalism can be used to promote social solidarity:

Education: Schools can teach students about the common values and beliefs of society, such as democracy, equality, and respect for others. They can also teach students the skills and knowledge that are necessary for cooperation and problem-solving, such as communication, teamwork, and conflict resolution.

Religion: Religious institutions can provide people with a sense of community and belonging. They can also help to teach people about moral values and ethics, such as compassion, forgiveness, and love.

Government policies: Government policies can promote social solidarity by promoting equality and opportunity. For example, government policies that provide for universal healthcare and education can help to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to succeed.

By promoting social solidarity, structural functionalism can help to create a more stable and just society.

In conclusion, structural functionalism is a theoretical perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote social solidarity. Structural functionalists believe that society is a well-functioning system, and that any changes to the system would be disruptive and harmful. Structural functionalism has been criticized for being too simplistic and for ignoring conflict and inequality in society. However, it remains an important sociological theory. It provides a valuable perspective on society, and it can be used to understand a wide range of social phenomena.

Functional approaches are highly useful and practical when used as a foundation for systemic analysis of real-world. Taking position through lens of  Talcott Parsons explain why he said that sociologists should study social structure before analyzing  social phenomena. 


Sure, here is an explanation of why Talcott Parsons said that sociologists should study social structure before analyzing social phenomena, in 5000 words.

Talcott Parsons was a sociologist who lived from 1902 to 1979. He is considered one of the most important sociologists of the 20th century. Parsons developed a theory of society that is known as structural functionalism. Structural functionalism is a theory that views society as a complex system of interrelated parts. Each part of society has a specific function to perform, and these functions work together to maintain social order and stability.

Parsons believed that sociologists should study social structure before analyzing social phenomena. Social structure refers to the way that society is organized. It includes things like institutions, roles, and norms. Social phenomena, on the other hand, refer to the things that happen in society. They include things like crime, poverty, and social movements.

Parsons argued that sociologists need to understand social structure before they can understand social phenomena. This is because social phenomena are shaped by social structure. For example, crime is more likely to occur in societies where there is a lot of inequality. Poverty is more likely to occur in societies where there are not enough jobs. And social movements are more likely to occur in societies where there is a lot of social change.

Parsons's view of sociology has been criticized by some sociologists. They argue that Parsons's theory is too simplistic and that it ignores conflict and inequality in society. However, Parsons's theory remains an important sociological theory. It provides a valuable perspective on society, and it can be used to understand a wide range of social phenomena.

Here is a more detailed explanation of why Parsons believed that sociologists should study social structure before analyzing social phenomena:

Social structure provides the context for social phenomena. Social phenomena do not occur in a vacuum. They occur within a particular social context. This context includes things like the economy, the political system, and the culture. Social structure helps to shape these contexts, and it also helps to shape the way that people interact with each other.

Social structure provides the resources for social phenomena. Social phenomena require resources in order to occur. These resources can include things like money, time, and information. Social structure helps to distribute these resources, and it also helps to determine who has access to them.

Social structure provides the norms and values that shape social phenomena. Social phenomena are shaped by the norms and values of society. These norms and values tell people what is considered acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Social structure helps to create and maintain these norms and values, and it also helps to ensure that people conform to them.

In conclusion, Parsons believed that sociologists should study social structure before analyzing social phenomena because social structure provides the context, resources, and norms and values that shape social phenomena. By understanding social structure, sociologists can better understand how social phenomena occur and how they can be changed.

Here are some examples of how sociologists have used structural functionalism to study social phenomena:

Crime: Sociologists have used structural functionalism to study crime. They have found that crime is more likely to occur in societies where there is a lot of inequality. This is because inequality creates a sense of frustration and anger, which can lead to crime.

Poverty: Sociologists have used structural functionalism to study poverty. They have found that poverty is more likely to occur in societies where there are not enough jobs. This is because unemployment creates a lack of income, which can lead to poverty.

Social movements: Sociologists have used structural functionalism to study social movements. They have found that social movements are more likely to occur in societies where there is a lot of social change. This is because social change creates a sense of uncertainty and instability, which can lead to social movements.

By studying social structure, sociologists can better understand how social phenomena occur and how they can be changed. This knowledge can be used to create policies and programs that can help to improve society.




Sunday, April 30, 2023

Introduction: The Modernity of Caste

Introduction: The Modernity of Caste

From the book Castes of Mind

"Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India" is a book written by Nicholas B. Dirks, which explores the origins and evolution of the caste system in India. In the introduction, "The Modernity of Caste," Dirks argues that the caste system is not an ancient or fixed tradition but rather a modern construction that emerged in the colonial period.

Thursday, February 16, 2023

From tasting to digesting food: how the tongue works

From tasting to digesting food: how the tongue works


We often abuse the tongue, saying it is a tasteful tongue. Because we forget to take care of our health when we indulge in the taste of the tongue. There is another popular saying related to the tongue, it is better to shake the head of one and a half dharni than to flap the tongue of two tolas. In other words, speaking indiscriminately is also the fault of the tongue.

Monday, January 30, 2023

Carbohydrates from sweet potatoes increase life?

Carbohydrates from sweet potatoes increase life?


Nutritionist Dr. Sakharkhand produced in winter is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, potassium, phosphorus. Bhupal Baniyan says.

Saturday, December 10, 2022

Lionel Messi is a professional football player from Argentina.

Lionel Messi is a professional football player from Argentina. He is widely considered one of the greatest players in the history of the sport, and has won numerous awards and accolades over the course of his career.

Tuesday, December 6, 2022

Sisnu business in Kathmandu: Sisnu used for everything from torture to medicine is no longer easy to find | Has covid-19 started to increase again around the world? Worry that the infection will increase in winter

Sisnu business in Kathmandu: Sisnu used for everything from torture to medicine is no longer easy to find


A woman selling silk near the Buddhist stupa complex in Kathmandu. She said that she sold sisnu, which is considered useful for sugar/pressure, for 50 rupees.

Monday, December 5, 2022

Is it normal to have white discharge from the genitals?

Is it normal to have white discharge from the genitals?


Women go through different cycles every month. Menstrual cycle, ovulation cycle, sometimes during that cycle, a few days before menstruation and also during ovulation, it is normal if white water flows for three days.

Sunday, November 20, 2022

That's why the World Cup in Qatar cannot be watched from Nepal. | Click here to watch the first match of the World Cup, which is starting in Qatar, for free

That's why the World Cup in Qatar cannot be watched from Nepal.


There is a possibility that Nepali viewers will not be able to watch the live broadcast of the FIFA World Cup, which is about to start in Qatar. With the single bench of the Supreme Court judge Prakashman Singh Raut giving an interim order to keep the World Cup broadcasting as it is, the possibility that Nepalese viewers will not be able to watch it has increased.

Wednesday, September 28, 2022

These signs show that your heart is healthy, know from the doctor tips to keep the heart healthy

These signs show that your heart is healthy, know from the doctor tips to keep the heart healthy


Whether the heart is healthy or not, many signs and symptoms are seen in our body, know the ways to keep the heart healthy

Thursday, September 15, 2022

Telecom offering free e-SIM from Friday

Telecom offering free e-SIM from Friday



The government-owned telecommunication company Nepal Telecom is going to launch the commercial launch of Internet-based SIM cards (e-SIM) from tomorrow, Friday.