The Reasoning Gap: Why GPT-5.5 and Opus 4.7 Still Hit the Wall at ARC-AGI-3

The Reasoning Gap: Why GPT-5.5 and Opus 4.7 Still Hit the Wall at ARC-AGI-3

In a quiet research lab earlier this spring, a series of 160 "reasoning traces" were recorded that should have sent a shiver through the executive suites of Silicon Valley. The test was ARC-AGI-3, the latest and most brutal iteration of François Chollet’s Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus. Unlike previous versions, this was not a set of static grids but an interactive, "zero-instruction" game environment. When the dust settled, the world’s most formidable artificial intelligences—OpenAI’s GPT-5.5 and Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.7—had failed. Not just poorly, but systematically, with scores that barely cleared the 1% mark while human subjects navigated the same puzzles with intuitive ease.

The failure of these titan models is more than a benchmark anomaly; it is a structural revelation. As the industry pours trillions into the "Scaling Hypothesis"—the belief that more data and more compute will eventually spark consciousness—ARC-AGI-3 has provided a sobering counter-narrative. It appears that while we have built the world’s most sophisticated librarians, we have yet to build a machine that can actually think its way out of a paper bag if the instructions aren't written on the wall.

Key Takeaways: The ARC-AGI-3 Breakdown

The Zero-Instruction Barrier: Unlike standard LLMs, ARC-AGI-3 provides no prompts or goals; models must infer the "win condition" through trial and error.

 

GPT-5.5’s Failure to Compress: OpenAI’s flagship suggests brilliant hypotheses but drifts into "hallucinated genres," failing to commit to a single logical plan.

 

Opus 4.7’s Wrong Compression: Anthropic’s model discovers local mechanics quickly but aggressively executes "false invariants," optimizing for fake progress.

The Human Delta: Humans solve these abstract environments using "Core Knowledge" priors (gravity, object permanence) that remain missing in silicon.

Beyond the Stochastic Parrot: The New Frontier of Agentic Failure

For years, the critique of Large Language Models (LLMs) was that they were "stochastic parrots"—statistical engines that predicted the next word without understanding the world. By 2026, with the arrival of GPT-5.5, that critique seemed outdated. These models can now orchestrate multi-tool workflows, manage complex codebases, and act as autonomous agents in real-world interfaces. Yet, ARC-AGI-3 has stripped away the linguistic crutches these models rely on.

In these environments, there is no "training data" to mimic. The puzzles are designed to be novel, abstract, and entirely distinct from the cultural knowledge found on the internet. To win, an agent must explore, build a "world model" from sparse feedback, and adapt its goals on the fly. Analysis of the reasoning traces reveals that both GPT-5.5 and Opus 4.7 suffer from a "True Local Effect, False World Model" syndrome. They can see that an action causes a change, but they cannot translate that observation into a global rule.

GPT-5.5: The Brilliant Drifter

The analysis of GPT-5.5’s performance on ARC-AGI-3 is a study in wide-set curiosity without conviction. When OpenAI’s model is dropped into a novel environment, its initial hypothesis generation is strikingly human. It correctly identifies abstract patterns, often naming the geometric logic (such as "mirror symmetry" or "rotational persistence") within the first few steps.

However, the "failure to compress" manifests as a lack of focus. Instead of testing its identified theory to exhaustion, GPT-5.5 tends to "drift." In one recorded run on a task named ar25, the model correctly identified a mirror mechanic but then proceeded to cycle through unrelated mental models—treating the grid like Tetris, then Pong, then Tower of Hanoi. It possessed the "alphabet" of reasoning but lacked the "grammar" to form a coherent sentence of action. It was too smart for its own good, distracted by the infinite possibilities of what the game could be rather than observing what it was.

Claude Opus 4.7: The Aggressive Optimizer

Anthropic’s Opus 4.7 presented the mirror image of GPT’s failure. Where GPT-5.5 was too broad, Opus 4.7 was dangerously narrow—a phenomenon researchers call "Wrong Compression."

Opus 4.7 is remarkably efficient at "short-horizon mechanic discovery." It clears Level 1 of most tasks faster than any other model by identifying immediate feedback loops. But this efficiency is its undoing. Once it finds a mechanic that yields even a tiny bit of "perceived" progress, it latches onto it with relentless aggression.

In a task known as cn04, Opus discovered a successful "rotate-then-place" interaction. Instead of refining this into a general world model, it began optimizing for "fake progress"—clicking repeatedly to fill the top row because it believed it was winning a timer-based game. It built a "false invariant," a theory that was logically consistent but completely wrong for the environment. This "hallucinated rule-following" suggests that Opus 4.7 isn't reasoning; it’s aggressively searching for a pattern to exploit, even if that pattern is a mirage.

The Scaling Paradox: Why More Data Isn't the Answer

The most uncomfortable takeaway from the GPT-5.5 and Opus 4.7 post-mortem is that the gap between AI and human intelligence is not narrowing as fast as the hype cycles suggest. GPT-5.5 is significantly larger and more expensive than its predecessors, yet its performance on ARC-AGI-3 was only marginally better than much smaller models.

This suggests we have reached a plateau in "crystallized intelligence"—the ability to recall and remix existing knowledge. ARC-AGI-3 measures "fluid intelligence"—the ability to learn something entirely new without a manual. Humans possess "Core Knowledge" priors: we understand that objects are persistent, that they move as units, and that agents act toward goals.

Current AI models treat every pixel in an ARC grid as an independent token of data. They lack the "Objectness" that a human infant possesses by six months of age. Without this grounded understanding of physicality and cause-and-effect, no amount of additional training on the works of Shakespeare or GitHub repositories will bridge the gap.

The Architectural Pivot: Toward World Models

If the current trajectory of "more data, more layers" is hitting a wall, where does the industry go next? The consensus among researchers analyzing the ARC-AGI-3 results is that we are witnessing the end of the "pure LLM" era.

True General Intelligence (AGI) likely requires a move toward "neuro-symbolic" architectures—systems that combine the intuitive pattern recognition of neural networks with the rigorous, explicit logic of symbolic AI. We need models that don't just predict the next token, but maintain an internal "sandbox" where they can test hypotheses before taking action.

This would require a fundamental shift in how we "train" these systems. Instead of reading the internet, the next generation of models might need to "grow up" in interactive physics simulations, learning the rules of the world through the same messy, frustrating trial-and-error that characterizes human childhood.

The Final Thought

As we look at the reasoning traces of GPT-5.5 and Opus 4.7, we are forced to confront a humbling reality: the machine is still a mirror, not a mind. It can reflect our collective knowledge with startling clarity, but it cannot yet navigate the "unknown unknowns" of a simple colored grid without our guidance.

The ARC-AGI-3 analysis hasn't just exposed the flaws in our current models; it has redefined the goalpost for what it means to "think." If a machine cannot solve a puzzle that a five-year-old finds trivial, can we truly say it is intelligent, or have we simply built a more perfect illusion? The answer to that question will determine whether the next decade of AI is a breakthrough or a very expensive stalemate. 

The Wall in the Machine: Why ARC-AGI-3 Still Stumps the World’s Smartest AI

The Wall in the Machine: Why ARC-AGI-3 Still Stumps the World’s Smartest AI

When Francois Chollet released the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) in 2019, it was intended as a sobering reality check for an industry intoxicated by its own hype. He proposed a series of visual puzzles that a five-year-old could solve in seconds, yet the most advanced neural networks of the time remained utterly baffled. Five years later, despite the meteoric rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and trillions of dollars in market valuation, the latest analysis from ARC-AGI-3 reveals a stubborn truth: the machine is still hitting the same wall.

The latest benchmarks do not merely show that AI is "less smart" than humans; they pinpoint a structural failure in how synthetic intelligence processes logic. Even with the massive compute power behind the newest frontier models, three systematic reasoning errors have emerged as the "Achilles' heel" of modern artificial intelligence. These are not glitches that a simple software patch can fix. They are fundamental misalignments in the way silicon mimics thought.

Key Takeaways: The ARC-AGI-3 Revelations

The Memorization Trap: Modern models often rely on "probabilistic retrieval" rather than genuine novel reasoning.
Compositional Collapse: Systems struggle to combine two simple rules into a single complex action.
The Scale Paradox: More data and more parameters have failed to yield a significant breakthrough in fluid intelligence.
The Human Edge: Biological intelligence remains vastly superior at "System 2" thinking—the slow, deliberate logic required for unfamiliar tasks.

The Mirage of Intelligence: Pattern Matching vs. Reason
To understand the failure, one must first understand the test. ARC-AGI puzzles require a solver to look at a few examples of a grid changing color or shape and then predict the output for a new, unseen grid. There is no language to lean on, no "training data" that can perfectly predict the next pixel. It requires an internal mental model of physics, geometry, and persistence.

The first systematic error identified in the ARC-AGI-3 analysis is The Memorization Trap. LLMs are, at their core, sophisticated statistical mimics. When they encounter a problem, they aren't "thinking" in the human sense; they are calculating the mathematical likelihood of what the answer should look like based on the billions of pages they have read.

In ARC-AGI-3, researchers found that when puzzles were slightly modified to move away from common geometric patterns found on the internet, model performance plummeted. The AI wasn't reasoning through the change; it was trying to "lookup" a similar solution from its training. If the solution wasn't in the database, the machine went dark. This suggests that what we perceive as "reasoning" in chatbots is often just an incredibly high-resolution form of memory.


The Compositional Collapse: Where Logic Fragility Begins

The second error is perhaps more concerning for those hoping for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) in the near term: Compositional Collapse.

In a typical ARC-AGI task, a user might need to identify a shape, rotate it, and then change its color based on its proximity to a border. These are three simple logical steps. While modern models can often perform any one of these tasks in isolation, they struggle immensely to chain them together accurately.

Human beings possess a "global workspace" in the brain that allows us to hold multiple rules in our head simultaneously. AI, however, suffers from a compounding error rate. If a model is $90\%$ accurate at Step A and $90\%$ at Step B, its chances of getting a five-step sequence right drop significantly. By the time it reaches the third or fourth logical "hop," the "noise" in the system outweighs the signal. This fragility is why AI can write a sonnet about a toaster but fails to solve a logic puzzle involving four colored squares.


The "Objectness" Problem: Why AI Struggles with Physicality

The third and most profound error highlighted by the ARC-AGI-3 data is a failure in Core Knowledge. Humans are born with an innate understanding of "objectness"—we know that an object exists even if it moves behind another, and we understand that shapes have boundaries.

The latest models still treat grids of data as a flat sea of tokens rather than a collection of independent objects. In the ARC-AGI-3 analysis, models frequently "hallucinated" parts of shapes or allowed objects to pass through one another in ways that violate basic spatial logic.

This is the "World Model" deficit. Because these systems are trained primarily on text, they lack the grounded experience of the physical world. They understand the word "gravity" as a linguistic concept, but they do not "understand" the downward pull of an object. When a puzzle requires an AI to "drop" a shape to the bottom of a grid, the AI often misses the mark because it doesn't truly grasp what "down" or "bottom" implies in a spatial context.


The Billion-Dollar Question: Is Scale Enough?

For years, the prevailing wisdom in Silicon Valley has been "The Scaling Hypothesis": the idea that if we just add more GPUs, more data, and more electricity, intelligence will eventually "emerge." The ARC-AGI-3 results act as a cold bucket of water on this theory.

Despite the jump from GPT-3 to the most recent iterations, the improvement on these specific reasoning tasks has been marginal compared to the massive increase in resources. We are seeing diminishing returns. We have built machines that are world-class at "System 1" thinking—the fast, intuitive, and often subconscious pattern recognition we use to recognize a face or finish a sentence. But we are nowhere near "System 2"—the slow, deliberate, and logical reasoning we use to solve a math problem or navigate an unfamiliar city.

The gap between these two systems is where the current generation of AI resides. It is a brilliant librarian that has read every book ever written but cannot figure out how to use a screwdriver if the instructions aren't written in a familiar font.


Beyond the Stochastic Parrot

If the ARC-AGI-3 analysis teaches us anything, it is that the path to true AGI likely requires a fundamental architectural shift. We may need systems that aren't just larger, but different—perhaps incorporating "neuro-symbolic" approaches that combine the pattern-matching brilliance of neural networks with the hard-coded logic of classical computing.

We must move away from the "black box" approach and toward systems that can explain their reasoning. A human solving an ARC puzzle can tell you: "I saw the red square, noticed it moved two spaces right every time, and applied that to the blue square." Current AI cannot provide this trail of logic because, quite frankly, there isn't one. There is only a probability distribution.

The stakes are higher than just winning a puzzle competition. If we intend to rely on AI for scientific discovery, legal analysis, or autonomous transit, we need systems that don't just guess correctly—we need systems that reason accurately.


The Lingering Question

As we push deeper into the decade of the algorithm, we find ourselves at a strange crossroads. We have created a mirror of human knowledge that is breathtaking in its scale, yet it remains hollow at the center.

The ARC-AGI-3 results remind us that there is a spark in human cognition—an ability to look at the entirely new and find the underlying order—that still eludes our best creations. The question is no longer how much more data we can feed the machine, but rather: Can we ever teach a machine to truly think for itself, or are we simply building a more perfect echo of ourselves?

Negative thinking affects the heart

 Negative thinking affects the heart

Stress increases the heart rate, increases blood pressure, and causes long-term heart problems.

According to a 2023 study by the American Heart Association, constant stress increases the risk of heart disease by up to 35 percent.

Doctors recommend 10-15 minutes of meditation, 30 minutes of exercise, and positive thinking daily to reduce stress.

A problem that is not visible on the surface but silently haunts most people on the inside is stress. From the outside, people appear normal, busy with their work. But inside, they are carrying the burden of worry, fear, and pressure. This invisible negative burden gradually weakens the body.

Negative thinking, anxiety, anger, or frustration is not only a problem for the mind, but also a big threat to the heart. Its effect on the heart is even deeper.

When you are constantly stressed, your heart starts beating faster, your blood pressure increases, and your body is forced to be on alert all the time. If this situation persists for a long time, the risk of heart problems increases.

How does stress affect the heart? What is the relationship between the heart and stress?

The relationship is very simple, the mind controls the body. When negative thoughts come, the body goes into 'stress mode'. The heart beats faster, blood pressure increases and the heart has to work harder. If this thought is short-lived, the heart is fine.

But if the pressure of daily work, financial problems, family disputes, comparisons with friends, negative news on social media or past tragic events continue to bother you, negative thoughts take up residence in the mind. This puts a burden on the heart and increases the stress associated with it.

Negative thoughts, especially anger, rage, hatred and malicious thoughts, have a profound effect on the heart because they overactivate the 'sympathetic nervous system'. This system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, that is, the body's natural response to immediately fight or flee when it senses danger.

When we get angry or have negative thoughts, the brain immediately sends signals that increase levels of stress hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and noradrenaline.

These hormones increase heart rate, raise blood pressure, and constrict blood vessels. Over time, this activation damages the inner lining of the heart’s blood vessels (endothelium). The endothelium loses its ability to dilate blood vessels, which reduces blood flow and accelerates the process of plaque buildup.

If the mind is not healthy, the heart will not be healthy

If the mind is not healthy, the heart will not be healthy either. Studies say so. According to a 2023 study by the American Heart Association, depression, anxiety, and chronic stress increase the risk of heart disease by up to 35 percent. Similarly, a large study by the British Heart Foundation also showed that stress at work or at home increases the risk of heart disease and stroke, albeit slightly.

Studies have shown that even a short bout of anger can reduce the dilation of blood vessels for up to 40 minutes, which reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the heart. Anger and hatred cause blood vessels to constrict through sympathetic activation. This weakens the heart muscle and can lead to heart failure or irregular heartbeat.

What happens in the long term?

If you have persistent negative thoughts, your heart is under constant pressure, which can lead to high blood pressure. Blood vessels gradually narrow, reducing blood flow to the heart and increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke.

High risk with chronic illness if you have negative thoughts

If you already have diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol, the risk doubles if you add negative thoughts. Because these diseases are already weakening the heart, negative thoughts increase stress and put additional 'overload' on the heart. According to the British Heart Foundation, such stress increases the risk of heart disease and worsens the condition of those who already have heart problems.

When should you see a doctor?

If you feel pain or pressure in the chest, difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, excessive fatigue, dizziness, cold sweats, or pain in the hands are more common after negative thoughts or stress, this may be a sign of a heart problem.

It is advisable to go to the hospital immediately without delay. In addition, a heart check can be done during regular checkups. ECG, echo, and blood tests also tell about the condition of the heart in a timely manner.

In addition, these problems can be reduced to a large extent by consulting a mental health professional.

How to reduce negative thoughts and stress?

First of all, it is important to establish positive habits in your daily life. Practicing deep breathing or meditation for 10-15 minutes every day calms the mind and reduces stress.

Similarly, walking or doing light exercise for about 30 minutes daily keeps the body active, the mind light, and heart health is also good. If a negative thought comes to your mind, you should not let it develop further. At such times, remind yourself, "This thought may not always be right, I can try."

Such positive thoughts gradually strengthen the mind.

Keeping things bottled up inside can increase stress. Talking to family members or close friends can help you relax and understand your problems and find solutions.

Eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and avoiding social media can also help you feel more at ease. If you still feel stressed and negative thoughts aren't going away after trying these things, talk to a therapist or counselor. 

Food with ‘trans fat’ in abundance in the market, heart and brain are paying the penalty

 Food with ‘trans fat’ in abundance in the market, heart and brain are paying the penalty

Doctors say that the trans fat (very bad fat) hidden in bakery products, noodles, puffs and French fries, which are abundant in the market, is causing serious damage to the heart and nervous system at a young age.

Food with ‘trans fat’ in abundance in the market, heart and brain are paying the penalty

February 15, Kathmandu. ‘What is the worst fat found in?’ This is a question that senior cardiologist Dr. Ommurthy Anil often asks his patients who come to him for check-ups.

Most of those who come to check answer, ‘Red meat, ghee, milk, butter.’

Some add, ‘The fat in oil can be bad.’

He explains, ‘The worst fat in the world is found in foods containing trans fats.’

According to Dr. Anil, eating foods containing trans fats for a long time is fatal to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and brain. But we do not find it unusual to eat biscuits with tea in the morning, puffed noodles in the afternoon, and french fries with friends in the evening.

But hidden within this easy and tasty option is ‘trans fat’, i.e. very bad fat (unhealthy fat).

According to the doctor, foods containing trans fats are causing chronic diseases in the body. This is not a ‘normal fat’, but a silent poison that opens the door to chronic diseases.

A monitoring conducted by the Department of Food Technology and Quality Control last November showed this alarming situation. During the monitoring, the ‘croissant’ of Nanglo Bakery and the puff produced by Khajuri Nepal Pvt. Ltd. were found to be harmful to health. After ‘trans fat’ was found to be more than the limit set by the government, the Food Department completely banned the sale and distribution and destroyed them.

Trans fat is considered one of the most harmful fats from a health perspective. According to experts, the reason for the increase in trans fat is unhealthy diet and urban lifestyle. Due to trans fat, heart attacks are increasing at a young age.

‘The trend of heart attacks that we are seeing in patients is directly related to diet,’ says senior cardiologist Dr. Prakash Raj Regmi, ‘Trans fat is an important reason for that.’

What is trans fat?

Trans fat is found from two sources, natural and artificial. It is found in the fat in red meat of animals such as cows, buffaloes, goats, and in dishes made from milk and yogurt. According to doctors, trans fats obtained from natural sources when consumed in small amounts do not have much negative impact on health. However, consuming excessive amounts can have negative impacts.

Industrial trans fats produced in the food industry are extremely harmful to health. They are obtained from artificial sources.

Industrial trans fats are mainly produced by converting vegetable oils into ghee through hydrogenation. In this process, it is produced by heating vegetable oils at high temperatures and adding hydrogen molecules. In this process, the liquid oil is converted into a solid state, i.e. vegetable ghee.

The vegetable ghee produced from this process is used to make various processed foods including bakery products, biscuits, cookies, ready-made noodles, bhujiya, dal moth, potato chips, etc.

Trans fats, which are produced by heating cheap oils in the industry and adding hydrogen, increase the amount of fat. In addition, foods cooked in such very bad fats become tasty and can be stored for many days.

Foods cooked in such oil are mostly used for packaged foods. Foods that look attractive from the outside are very harmful to health. Even if vegetable oil is heated many times, the amount of trans fat increases. Pakodas, samosas, potatoes, and chicken cooked in such oil are delicious to eat.

Another senior cardiologist, Dr. Premraj Vaidya, says, “It is considered good to eat one teaspoon of ghee a day. However, trans fat-rich foods are very dangerous.”

Senior cardiologist, Dr. Ommurthy Anil, says that heart attacks are increasing in people in their 30s and 40s. The main reason for this is a bad lifestyle and eating trans fat-rich foods. He says, “Trans fat-rich foods cause blockage in the blood vessels of a healthy person and lead to heart attacks. It affects everyone from children to senior citizens, pregnant women.

Transfats that poison the blood vessels

Ultra-bad fats (transfats) increase the amount of bad cholesterol in the blood and reduce the amount of good cholesterol. Similarly, they negatively affect the inner part of the arteries and increase the narrowing of the arteries.

'Not only does it narrow the blood vessels, it also causes inflammation (a condition like a swollen wound) in the inner part,' says Dr. Regmi, 'When cholesterol accumulates, blood blockage occurs. Which can lead to a heart attack or stroke.' Not only this, transfats increase the risk of type-2 diabetes.

Due to processed foods prepared for commercial purposes, fat accumulation around the stomach, weight gain and metabolic syndrome are increasing. There is an increasing addiction to junk food among children these days. Obesity, high blood pressure and pre-diabetes are starting to appear at school age, says Dr. Vaidya.

Experts say that excessive trans fat intake by pregnant women can affect fetal development. “There is a possibility that the effects of trans fat can reach the newborn through breastfeeding,” says Dr. Vaidya, “and the risk can last for a generation.” It is not limited. It has a bad effect on the health of the unborn child.

The fried and packaged foods in the market are rich in trans fats. Doctors say that excessive consumption of which leads to fatal diseases at an early age and many people die.

Dr. Regmi claimed that a young woman died after eating Bhujia after watching an advertisement. Recalling an incident a few years ago, he said, "Amitabh Bachchan had promoted Bikaji Bhujia in a very attractive way on Sony TV. A young woman is an Amitabh fan. After consuming Bhujia for a long time, she had reached a state of heart failure."

According to Dr. Regmi, continuous consumption of Bhujia weakened the heart muscle, increased blood pressure and cholesterol. Due to which the heart could not pump properly.

Heart disease is becoming the leading cause of death in the world. The main risk factors are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol consumption. A study by the World Health Organization has shown that high intake of trans fats increases the risk of death by 34 percent.

Effects of diet on the brain

Experts say that brain diseases have started increasing among Nepali youth due to changing diets along with modern lifestyle. According to neurologist Dr. Sushil Mohan Bhattarai, serious neurological diseases including stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other diseases have started appearing even in young people in their 30s due to trans fat-rich foods and unhealthy lifestyle.

Dr. Bhattarai, who works at a civil hospital, says, 'Earlier, paralysis and brain stroke were considered diseases that occurred after reaching the age of 70. But now it is seen in young people in their 30s.'

According to Dr. Bhattarai, after trans fats enter the body, they go directly to the cell membrane. Cell membranes are very important for maintaining the structure of the body and for communicating from one cell to another.

In order for the brain to implement what the hand thinks, there must be continuous communication between the nerves. But when trans fats start to mix with cell membranes, communication is disrupted and brain functions gradually deteriorate.

According to Dr. Bhattarai, trans fats reduce the amount of serotonin, the ‘happy chemical’ produced in the brain. Due to this, people in the modern era have started to tend to be more sad, negative and depressed. Not only that, but the ability to learn new things and memory decline.

‘Many college-going students come to the clinic with problems with concentration,’ says Dr. Bhattarai.

Similarly, according to Dr. Rajiv Jha, senior neurosurgeon at Bir Hospital, when the amount of fat in the body increases, the blood vessels that carry blood begin to clot. When fat accumulates in the veins, the blood flow is blocked, due to which the amount of oxygen that should reach the brain decreases.

According to Dr. Jha, if blood circulation is blocked in any part of the brain, the risk of stroke is high. ‘When too much fat accumulates, the vessels become narrow or stiff. That leads to brain hemorrhage or stroke,’ says Dr. Jha says.

According to Dr. Bhattarai, smoking is the number one risk factor for stroke in young people. In second place is unhealthy diet and foods high in trans fats.

‘Brain-related diseases are more common in urban youth and they smoke and eat foods high in trans fats from a young age,’ said Dr. Bhattarai.

Regarding the direct link between trans fat intake and stroke, Dr. Jha says, ‘Obesity and high blood pressure are the main problems in many patients who come to the hospital. Patients who have strokes at a young age often have an unhealthy lifestyle, excessive consumption of junk food, and lack of physical activity.’

Trans fat-rich foods in abundance in the market

Data from the Food Department shows that some of the foods produced in the market are very harmful to health. The department had monitored 67 prepared food items and the raw materials used in them in the last one year.

Of these, 16 percent, or 11, were found to contain trans fats exceeding the standard. In which the total fat content of the food item was more than two percent.

Manita Vaidya, Director General of the department, says, ‘During the monitoring, up to 15.5 percent trans fat was found. Which is very harmful to health.’

Eight puffs were tested during the monitoring. Four puffs had trans fat levels exceeding the standard. Four of the six vegetable ghees tested had high trans fat levels. Vaidya claimed that the products found to have trans fat levels exceeding the standard were returned to the market.

Dr. Anil says, ‘Finding 15.5 percent trans fat in food in the market is a poison for health. Eating such foods directly blocks the blood vessels of the heart and causes heart attacks.’

In the race to increase profits, hotels, restaurants and roadside shops are repeatedly using oil to make fast food such as pakodas, samosas, puris, chicken fries, sausages, etc., which produces trans fat. Deep frying destroys all the nutrients in the food and adds harmful fats to it.

“Most of the sweet shops in the market are using vegetable ghee and oil containing trans fats to make sweets. These dishes, which look smooth, shiny and durable, are actually poisonous to the heart and blood vessels,” said Dr. Vaidya.

Dr. Regmi adds, “Repeatedly heating oil is harmful. It is used Not only is it linked to disease, but it is also linked to the risk of cancer. It is advisable to avoid using vegetable ghee as much as possible.

Main causes of death Heart and stroke

The mortality rate from non-communicable diseases is increasing in Nepal. According to statistics, a large part of the total deaths are due to respiratory diseases, heart diseases, and strokes.

According to experts, unhealthy diet and increased consumption of processed foods are one of the main reasons for this.

According to the 2023 data of 'Nepal Burden of Disease', respiratory diseases are the number one cause of death in Nepal, heart disease is the second, and stroke is the third.

Our diet, behavior, and lifestyle have emerged as the main root causes of the spread of non-communicable diseases. Experts say that non-communicable diseases are increasing as a 'dormant' epidemic in developing countries in recent times. The mortality rate is also increasing in proportion to that. According to the latest statistics, 71 percent of deaths in Nepal are due to non-communicable diseases.

Public health expert Dr. Rita Thapa says that the increase in the incidence of non-communicable diseases has become a matter of concern in recent years. According to Thapa, non-communicable diseases are increasing due to luxurious lifestyle and carelessness in eating, high blood pressure, and diabetes.

According to Dr. Thapa, the reasons are in our hands. There are things related to our lifestyle. Our behavior, junk food, lifestyle, use of tobacco products at a young age, and lack of exercise are the result.

‘Children at a young age consume tobacco products, junk food, and alcohol. Parents also give junk food to young children for lunch,’ Dr. Thapa clarified, saying, ‘The burden of non-communicable diseases is increasing due to lack of physical exertion and excessive stress.’

Is it right to call food ‘junk’? – Online Khabar

State silence, consumer health at risk

With the beginning of the 2000s, health agencies in various countries of the world began to implement regulations to control trans fats used in food. Denmark introduced stricter standards in 2003, while Switzerland banned trans fats in 2008.

Within the United States, New York banned trans fats in 2006 and California in 2008. Canada followed suit in 2008. These decisions led to very low trans fat levels in many foods and complete bans on many products.

Then, it was announced that heart attacks, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes in young people had decreased. Denmark announced that it had reduced the incidence of diseases in young people by 50 percent. But at the time, many countries found it difficult to believe what Denmark had announced.

The World Health Organization investigated the issue and declared Denmark a “trans fat-free” country.

In the United States and Canada, the amount of trans fat must be stated on the label of packaged foods sold.

The World Health Organization had launched a campaign with the goal of eliminating industrial trans fats from all countries of the world by 2023.

On 24 Magh 2078, the government passed the Multi-Sectoral Action Plan (2021-2025) for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases. Under this plan, there is a policy to keep trans fats below 2 percent of the total fat content of food.

The Department of Food Technology and Quality Control has implemented the standards since 25 Shrawan 2081 after the standards were approved by the Food Standards Committee. However, it has not been adequately monitored.

Consumer rights activists say that the state machinery is still not serious about trans fat-containing foods being sold openly in the market. Consumer rights activist Madhav Timalsina says that the problem will worsen unless the state comes up with a clear and strict policy. According to him, the problem extends from production to regulation.

‘First of all, there should be stricter restrictions on the import of raw materials. Trans fat testing should be made mandatory at customs and quarantine checkpoints. But it does not seem to be happening effectively,' said Timalsina.

Stating that merely setting standards is not enough, he says that strictness is needed in implementation.

'The policy is limited to paper. There is no will to implement it. The terror of trans fats in the market will not stop until a comprehensive awareness campaign is launched among the government, industrialists, importers and consumers,' said Timalsina.

Department spokesperson Bal Kumari Sharma claims that food products have been monitored regularly lately.

'Last November, we recalled the puff produced by Khajuri from the market after it was found to be substandard,' says Sharma. 'We found that it was safe to eat in subsequent monitoring.'

Lax regulation

The Food Hygiene and Quality Act, 2081, clearly provides for mandatory labeling of food and beverages. It is the responsibility of producers and sellers to provide consumers with accurate and clear information about the nature, quality, quantity, expiration date and potential risks of the product.

Similarly, the Consumer Protection Act, 2075 BS, has ensured the right of consumers to be informed about price, quality, results and purity, and has provided a legal basis to protect them from the sale and distribution of products that are harmful to human health.

But the law seems to be limited to paper. Unlabeled food products are found being sold openly in the market. Some products do not even mention the details of ingredients, production and expiry date. Due to this, consumers are directly at risk due to weak state monitoring.

The Advertisement (Regulation) Act, 2076 BS and the Consumer Protection Act, 2075 BS clearly prohibit misleading and false advertisements related to health and nutrition. Who is it? These legal provisions could have been enough to stop the aggressive marketing of unhealthy foods, sugary drinks, and industrial trans-fat products targeting children. But implementation is weak. The Food Technology and Quality Control Department and provincial-level laboratories have cited a lack of manpower as the reason for their inability to conduct effective monitoring.

The argument of limited technical capacity and weak laboratory infrastructure at the food department, provincial laboratories, and local levels has been repeated. The growing market for highly processed foods, the tendency to not follow labeling, and a weak monitoring system have made the situation more complicated. The regulatory mechanism is in disarray, increasing the health risks to consumers.

Health experts say that mandatory mention of trans-fat content on food labels, clear visual warnings, and targeted implementation strategies are necessary to control industrial trans-fat. They suggest that inspection and laboratory capacity should be strengthened by implementing tax policies and strict labeling at the provincial level.

Consumer rights activists in Timalsina say that there should be no delay in making market monitoring effective and banning the sale and promotion of high-trans-fat products in schools and communities.

Preparations to bring a multi-sectoral action plan

The government has said that preparations are underway to bring a new multi-sectoral action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. According to Health Secretary at the Ministry of Health, Dr. Bikas Devkota, the action plan implemented from 2021 to 2025 has expired. Now, the process of formulating a new strategy for 2026 to 2030 has been initiated.

Stating that the main causes of non-communicable diseases lie outside the health sector, Dr. Devkota says that multi-sectoral cooperation is indispensable.

‘About 80 percent of the causes of non-communicable diseases are related to factors outside the health sector,’ says Dr. Devkota. ‘They are linked to other ministries and agencies on issues such as environmental pollution, chemical substances, waste management, and pesticides.’

According to him, although the previous action plan tried to include a multi-sectoral concept, sufficient success was not achieved in practical implementation.

‘The health sector alone cannot be held responsible; other sectors should also reduce the causes that negatively affect health through their policies, investments, and practices,’ he emphasized. He also said that a strategy will be prepared so that various ministries and stakeholders can clearly contribute through policies, resources and programs.

‘A plan is being prepared to incorporate the lessons learned from the previous period into a new strategy and address the weaknesses and challenges seen in implementation,’ says Dr. Devkota, adding, ‘A more effective and clear multi-sectoral approach is now needed to control non-communicable diseases.’

Low libido on the rise, is there a way to increase it?

 Low libido on the rise, is there a way to increase it?

Alan Reeves used to perform on stage in the 90s and also appeared in the movie Spice World.

Prescriptions for testosterone replacement therapy in the UK increased by 135 percent from 2021 to 2024.

Testosterone therapy has restored libido in some men, but there are also concerns about its side effects and profiteering.

In the 90s, Alan Reeves regularly performed on stage. As a member of the group ‘The Dreamboys’, he would take off his clothes in front of thousands of people. Due to his increasing demand, he and his friends later appeared in the Spice Girls movie ‘Spice World.’

Reeves, who was 24 at the time, said, ‘I was the poster boy for pin-up fame.’ As Reeves turned 30, he found himself in a different situation. His moods were bad and his sex drive had almost disappeared.

He said, “Nothing felt right to me.”

“My lack of sexual desire had a negative impact on my long-term relationships,” says Reeves, now 52. Reeves, who works as a fitness and lifestyle coach in London, started testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and it has helped restore his libido.

“I’ve gone from a grumbling old man to a young man again,” he says. “It’s an amazing feeling.”

Sexual desire is steadily declining

Women are also turning to testosterone. Blogger Rachel Mason, 37, says the hormone has been “amazing” for her energy levels, concentration and libido. She recounts her experience after menopause.

There has been a huge increase in testosterone prescriptions. The Care Quality Commission has compiled figures from the NHS Business Authority, which show a 135 per cent increase in its prescriptions between 2021 and 2024.

The increase comes at a time when ‘sex drive’ is seen to be declining across the UK. The National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (NatSAL) asks more than 10,000 people about this every decade.

In 1990, people aged 16 to 44 said they had sex an average of five times a month. By 2000 this had fallen to four times and by 2010 to three times.

The next set of results is due later this year, and researchers say the downward trend is continuing. However, they do not point to any one reason for the decline.

Against this backdrop, a debate is growing rapidly. Can testosterone really improve libido, or is it just a profit-making hype? The frequency of sex in the UK is falling. The National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles asks about 10,000 people about this every decade.

Low libido

According to study author Alan Reeves, the experience of low libido is one example of a trend that is becoming more common. “We’ve seen a decline in all age groups in the last few years,” says study director Soezig Clifton. “There are fewer couples living together now than in the 1990s, which could help explain the decline in sexual desire. But when we look specifically at that group (cohabiting couples), there’s also a decline,” she says.

In fact, the fastest decline in sexual frequency has been among older couples or couples who live together.

“It’s hard to say exactly why libido is declining,” says Clifton. “We don’t have any data yet that can tell us with any certainty that libido is not as high as it used to be,” she says. “There have been a number of studies that have tried to understand why. These studies point to the digital world as a big factor, making it harder to turn off screens, and there are so many other options to spend time with.”

General practitioner and sex therapist Dr Ben Davies says our stress levels are generally much higher than they were 30 years ago. This is also a reason, he says. “There’s a lot going on in people’s lives. Obviously there’s technology, but there’s also an increase in stress, depression and loneliness. All of these things contribute to a decrease in libido,” says Dr Ben Davies.

Professor Geoffrey Hackett, a consultant urologist and member of the British Society for Sexual Medicine (BSSM), says that testosterone levels in men are definitely falling.

According to him, the rise in obesity, type 2 diabetes and an increasingly inactive lifestyle all contribute to low testosterone levels. And declining testosterone levels may be one reason for our lack of libido.

Over the past 20 years, studies have measured hormone levels in men, which have shown that testosterone levels have decreased. But Hackett emphasizes that this graph is very subtle.

Low testosterone increases the likelihood of low libido, but that does not mean that every man with low testosterone has a low libido. Despite this complexity, subway stations, bus stops and social media feeds are now filled with ads like, “Low libido? Tired? Time to get a testosterone test!”

So, can testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) really be a cure for low libido?

Testosterone ‘gave me my life back’

Melissa Green has been taking testosterone for about a year. In his words, it gave him "the zest for life." ’ Not only did it bring her back, but it also saved her marriage. Melissa, 43, had been suffering from a low libido that had taken a toll on her relationship.

Her doctor had already prescribed her hormone replacement therapy, which consisted of estrogen and progesterone, due to early menopause symptoms, but Green says, “the doctor was not prepared to test her testosterone levels. They said she didn’t need the extra hormones.”

Women’s bodies produce low levels of this hormone, and according to NHS guidelines, women can only be given testosterone if they have ‘hypoactive sexual desire disorder’. That is, their sex drive is very low or almost non-existent. It can affect women of any age, but it peaks during menopause.

Eventually, Green went to a private clinic, had a blood test, and was told her levels were low. After taking the test report to her doctor, she was given some testosterone from the NHS.

‘It’s given me my life back. I feel like I’m in my 20s again,’ she says.

While some people are enthusiastic about the effects of testosterone on sex drive, others say it has some unpleasant side effects.

Cheryl O’Malley took testosterone for a year, she says, and while it may have helped restore some of the energy lost during the menopause, it also increased her libido and made her feel very angry.

‘I was feeling very horny. I wanted to have sex with my husband, but there were times when you felt like it wasn’t right, it wasn’t me. I felt like everything was out of my control.

Rachel Mason says, “When she posts about TRT, she sees, ‘Many women are very scared to start testosterone, they worry that they’ll look like a man, they’ll grow facial hair, or they’ll lose their identity.’

Mason has also developed hair growth on her arms. But that’s nothing compared to the benefits she gets from the hormone. In addition to body hair growth, TRT can have many other side effects.

In women, excessive hair growth, dandruff, and weight gain can occur. These can be resolved when the dose is reduced or stopped.

In men, side effects can include weight gain, prolonged erections, male-pattern hair loss, and mood swings. It can also reduce sperm production, which can affect fertility. There are treatments available that can help, but medical advice is recommended.

Money-making pot

Some NHS GPs and specialists say private clinics are making a profit by selling testosterone replacement therapy as a quick fix for a complex problem.

NHS consultant in sexual and reproductive health Dr Paula Briggs says it is a way of making money and people are paying huge sums for something they don’t need. “It’s getting out of hand,” she says.

What do you mean, private clinics?

They say they are improving people’s lives by providing a service that the NHS is failing to provide. Jeff Foster, medical director of the multi-million pound clinic Boy, which specialises in men’s health, and an NHS GP, says the private sector is filling a gap that the NHS is failing to provide.

Michael Cox has been providing TRT through his company Balance My Hormones since 2016. He says he has seen a “tremendous” increase in demand for it in recent years.

Some of his patients had been tested on the NHS, but were turned away because their levels were not low. They then went into the private sector. “Even if they are slightly above the NHS limit, TRT can help,” says Cox.

The proportion of people who benefit is small

What constitutes a healthy testosterone level in men depends on which organisation you ask and which studies you read. According to the BSSM guidelines, men with levels below 12 nmol/L should consider TRT, especially if they have symptoms of ‘hypogonadism’, a condition in which the testicles are not producing enough hormones.

NHS guidance can vary by region. But levels below 6 to 8 nmol/L can be considered low testosterone.

In women, testosterone levels start to fall between the ages of 20 and 40 and stabilise at menopause. Low levels are normal, but the question is how much this affects sex drive and overall health.

Tests are available for women but it is difficult to get an accurate reading because the doses needed are so low. There is no licensed treatment for women on the NHS. Dr Briggs is wary of the hype and hype surrounding TRT. . She says ‘Many patients come in complaining of a lack of sexual desire. They say they have done a study, which usually means they have seen someone posting about life-changing effects on social media. ‘Even if it works for a celebrity, it doesn’t work for everyone.’

She has a flood of patients asking for testosterone tests in her area. Some take a prescription and then return after a few months because the effects have diminished. The clinical evidence suggests that TRT is only effective in women who have gone through menopause and have a low libido.

‘The advertising from private clinics has exaggerated everything,’ says Briggs. 

This therapy is not a miracle cure

Cheryl O’Malley has stopped taking testosterone. The intense anger and hypersexuality that came with the treatment have now subsided, and her libido has returned to a comfortable level.

“It’s been a huge relief for me to get off it,” she says. There are many factors that can cause low libido, and testosterone is not the only solution. But Alan Reeves has been on TRT for seven years and his life has improved dramatically.

“My libido has returned, and at first I wanted to have sex for 10 nights straight,” he says. “Now I’m calm and in a better mental and physical state.”

According to her, it’s not a miracle drug, and TRT is meaningless without lifestyle changes. “It’s like putting a Ferrari engine in a junk car,” she says.

‘A person smiling on the outside may be in pain on the inside’

 ‘A person smiling on the outside may be in pain on the inside’

A hectic lifestyle, economic insecurity, rising unemployment, social expectations and fear of the future, as well as the influence of excessive social media, are further increasing mental pressure.

‘A person smiling on the outside may be in pain on the inside’

The \'Let's talk about our hearts\' campaign launched by the Nepal government is a national initiative to make mental health a social priority and break the silence.

The campaign aims to encourage adolescents, youth and the general public to seek awareness, empathy and support about mental health.

We live in a society bound by collective thinking and culture. It is our habit to talk to each other, gather, and exchange experiences. Whether at home, in a tea shop, in the office or on social media - there is no shortage of words. But one important thing is often lost in all this dialogue - the heart.

From the outside, many people look normal and happy. They have a smile on their face, and their behavior is easy. But that smile is not always genuine. Some people put on a show of their pain so that no one can see it. On the inside, they may be tired, scared, confused, and depressed. These mental struggles that are not visible on the outside are not easily understood, and are often ignored.

The Importance of the ‘Let’s Talk About It’ Campaign

The ‘Let’s Talk About It’ campaign launched by the Government of Nepal is not just an information program, it is a national initiative to make mental health a social priority, break the silence, give courage to speak up, and encourage people to seek help.

The campaign focuses on promoting awareness, empathy, compassion, and dialogue about mental health, especially among adolescents, youth, and the general public. It aims to remove discrimination and misconceptions, develop stress management and various skills, and encourage people to seek professional help when needed. In addition, the campaign also covers social safety and support services such as digital wellness, family and community support, and the 1166 helpline.

The Pain Behind the Smile

In daily life, many people are fulfilling their responsibilities with a smile, but on the inside, they are suffering. They want to express their feelings, but they are afraid - 'If I tell my pain, will society think I am weak, will they criticize me, will they blame me?' Worries like these prevent them from speaking up.

Because of these thoughts and fears, the pain of the mind remains hidden inside. Over time, these problems become deeper and begin to affect the person's performance, relationships, and enthusiasm for life. Eventually, it may become difficult to even do normal tasks.

How do mental problems look?

Many in our society still associate mental problems with 'madness'. Most people easily assume that 'he is depressed' or 'he is crazy' when they see symptoms such as sadness, anxiety, fatigue, or inability to concentrate. But the reality is different from such simple perceptions.

Mental problems come in many forms and can manifest differently in each person. While some may suffer from constant sadness, lack of confidence, or insomnia, others may experience excessive anger, anxiety, social distancing, or changes in behavior.

Some people may experience difficulty expressing their feelings, losing focus at work or school, or having difficulty fulfilling daily responsibilities. Similarly, there may be a more severe mental health problem that can have a long-term impact.

Importantly, not all mental health problems are always obvious from the outside. Some people hide their suffering and act as if they are normal, which can mislead society. Therefore, a sensitive approach is needed to understand each person’s experiences, circumstances, and inner feelings, rather than judging mental health problems solely based on external behavior.

Why is a mental health campaign necessary now?

Mental health problems are not new in Nepal. But the environment for talking about them openly was not created for a long time. Many still associate mental health with ‘weakness’ or ‘madness’. These are challenging times – a hectic lifestyle, economic insecurity, rising unemployment, social expectations and fear of the future, as well as the influence of excessive social media, are increasing mental pressure.

These are the reasons why people are stressed inside. In such situations, the ‘Speak Your Mind’ campaign works to break the silence, encourage people to speak up, and create an environment that inspires them to seek help.

Listening: Our Shared Responsibility

Many people ask – what can we do if we are not the treating doctors?’ The answer is simple – we can listen. This means listening attentively, not interrupting, and not imposing immediate solutions. Without denying feelings, sometimes a simple statement like ‘I understand you’ can be a great support.

When is it necessary to seek help from a specialist?

Not all problems can be solved by yourself or with the help of a friend. If the problem persists for a long time, begins to affect work, studies, or relationships, persistent negative thinking increases, or thoughts of self-harm/suicide begin to arise, it is essential to seek help immediately.

In this case, consulting a doctor, psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional can be a life-saving step. Seeking help in a timely manner can help Health problems are easier to manage and have a positive impact on a person's life, performance and overall health.

Only when we speak our minds, understand others and show empathy, can we build a healthy, cooperative society. The 'Speak Your Mind' campaign gives us this message - speaking up is not weakness, it is courage. Sometimes, a little listening and a little support can save a life.

5 ways to get over the pain of a breakup

 5 ways to get over the pain of a breakup

Due to the busyness of the festive season in mid-December, many people reconsider their 'pair' and break up, and December 11 is celebrated as Breakup Day.

After a breakup, it is recommended to make a fixed schedule to improve mental health, exercise at least 20 minutes a day, and eat healthy foods.

Experts have said that a breakup should be considered an opportunity to find the purpose of life and move forward by finalizing the relationship.

According to experts, many breakups happen in mid-December. It is said that many people reconsider their 'pair' during the festive season because they are busy with work, parties, meeting friends, and family gatherings. That is why Breakup Day is celebrated on December 11.

However, breakups do not always happen in the winter season. It can happen anytime.

Ways to get over a breakup

1. Make and follow a fixed schedule

After a breakup, many people feel like their whole world has fallen apart. You may have felt the same way. 'There is no future now. You may think, 'I have no one'. But the way to avoid it is to make a specific schedule and follow it literally. By doing this, you will not be able to sit in silence and suffer. Especially, you can make a schedule full of healthy and satisfying activities.

2. Keep your body moving

You know that any exercise is beneficial for the body. Exercise is also good for mental health. Because mental health is seriously affected after a breakup. To avoid that, moving your body for at least 20 minutes every day can help improve your sleep. Because many people cannot sleep after a breakup due to anxiety. You can keep your body moving by walking, lifting weights, stretching, or working out.

3. Eat healthy food

Breaking up with the person you thought you would spend your life with is like mourning a death. Because of this, some may not be able to eat, not eat at all, or feel nauseous even after eating a bite. But in this case, you should try to eat clean and fresh food. Because healthy and nutritious foods provide positive energy to the body.

4. Finding the purpose of life

A breakup is definitely a moment of sadness. It feels like you have lost everything. But if you find your interests, aspirations, and goals at this time, you can easily 'move on'. Because a breakup is also a great opportunity to reconnect with yourself or redefine your goals.

5. Making a decision on your part

It is unlikely that you will 'return' to the relationship after a breakup. Which also means the end of the relationship. You need to make this decision properly, so that you can move forward easily. However, it is not always an easy situation. Many people live with anger, hurt, and regret after a breakup. It does nothing but bring bad results. Therefore, accept the situation as it is. In such a situation, do not think about what went wrong. Instead, you should move forward with a good memory.

The wrong policy that forced specialists to leave the country

 The wrong policy that forced specialists to leave the country

The Philippines has adopted a medical education and residency training system similar to the US. Nepal, on the other hand, has followed the Indian model, which is influenced by the British model.

In recent decades, there has been a steady exodus of specialists from Nepal to foreign countries. This issue is usually discussed in hushed tones. However, it is an issue that needs to be addressed immediately.

This exodus is not just about higher salaries or modern facilities. It has to do with the difficulties and structural obstacles that specialists face within Nepal’s institutional structure.

One of the biggest challenges in this regard is the issue of equivalence (certificate of equivalence). Tribhuvan University (TU) has the authority to recognize foreign medical degrees. Without this recognition, specialists returning from abroad cannot apply for government jobs or academic careers.

In this regard, TU does not recognize doctors who have completed residency training in the Philippines. Their residency program was not recognized as a real course, but as a general training without a thesis.

This decision is highly contradictory. Before going to the Philippines, each doctor had received an official letter from the relevant Nepali government agency. Due to the limited number of postgraduate seats in the country, many doctors were forced to go abroad for further studies in the last two decades.

Moreover, members of the Nepal Medical Council themselves used to go to the Philippines to understand and observe the medical education system there. This also indicated a tacit approval for Nepali doctors to study in that country. But the harsh and dismissive approach of TU has now sidelined hundreds of skilled specialists in their own country.

What is more painful is that until the beginning of 2073, TU was issuing equivalence certificates to doctors who had completed their residency in the Philippines. Many specialists had applied, submitted the necessary documents, and even paid the fees. Suddenly, TU changed its policy and stopped issuing certificates without any warning. The applications of many doctors were still in process.

If rules are to be made, they should always be for the future, not for the past. For example, Tribhuvan University could have said, ‘Starting this year, equality will not be given to those doing residency in the Philippines.’ But instead of doing so, the rule was implemented immediately. Which completely ruined the future of doctors who had completed their studies abroad and are studying.

Imagine, what must have happened to doctors who were in the middle of their residency in 2017? Long duty, sleepless nights, hungry stomachs, physical and mental fatigue. What must have happened to doctors who were struggling for a happy future despite facing all this with this sudden decision?

The arbitrary and discriminatory policy of the system has shattered the hopes of many doctors.

Some doctors have said that this sudden decision has even made them victims of depression.

No decision has been made yet about what will happen to those who had submitted all the necessary documents and the 5,000 rupee fee for the equivalence certificate in 2073 BS, shortly before the implementation of this rule. What kind of justice is this done to citizens?

The lack of recognition is not only undermining the hard work of these doctors, but also weakening Nepal’s health system. Nepal’s much-needed specialist surgeons, physicians, and pediatricians have returned with experience abroad. However, they are not allowed to teach in Nepal’s medical colleges or work as specialists in government hospitals. This is because TU refuses to issue the necessary certificates. Yet these same specialists are welcomed in other countries, their skills are respected, and they are employed.

In addition, there is widespread discrimination within the health system. Nepali doctors who return from high-level training abroad, especially those from the Philippines, are often the target of suspicion, professional jealousy, and administrative obstruction. They are treated like outsiders in their own homeland.

They are deprived of leadership roles, excluded from decision-making processes, and kept out of opportunities to make meaningful contributions to the nation’s health sector. They have now emerged as a group of highly skilled and talented doctors trained abroad. The message is clear—an attempt is being made to discredit expertise and create administrative obstacles in Nepal.

The Philippines has adopted a medical education and residency training system similar to the US. Nepal, on the other hand, has followed the Indian model, which is influenced by the British model.

The residency years in Nepal and the Philippines are similar, with some being longer in the Philippines.

For example:

-General Surgery – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 5 years

-Radiology – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 4 years

-Orthopedic – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 4 years

-Internal Medicine – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 3 years

-ENT – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 4 years

-Obstetrics and Gynecology – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 4 years

Based on this comparison, the claim that Philippine residency is ‘mere training’ is baseless. Rather, the programs are more structured and longer than those in Nepal, which raises serious questions about the biased policy of TU.

What is even more sad is that all responsible institutions are aware of this problem. Dean of the Institute of Medical Studies (IOM), Nepal May The Dical Council, the Nepal Medical Association, the Ministry of Health and Population, and the Ministry of Education are all aware of this problem.

But no one has taken responsibility for solving it. The main players are the current and former two deans and the officials of the Curriculum Development Board of Tribhuvan University.

Was this decision approved by the Ministry of Education or the Ministry of Health? The answer to this question has not come from anywhere. Under whose direction were these decisions made? Was there an influence of money or power? Why was a policy made to stop the specialists needed by the nation? Will these responsible people ever be investigated and held accountable?

Recently, about 200 specialist doctors have filed a petition in the court, where a permanent order has also been issued. However, no concrete solution has been reached yet.

Why is there so much silence about this policy that has become a factor in the exodus of specialist doctors?

Nepal is already suffering from a shortage of specialists in fields such as cancer, neurosurgery, cardiology, and pediatrics. But the doctors who can fill these vacancies are migrating abroad in large numbers. Most of the doctors who have gone abroad have left the country permanently.

They have gone to places where their training is recognized, respected and valued. Nepali patients are forced to travel abroad for expensive treatment or rely on substandard services.

If Nepal wants to save its medical talent, urgent reforms are needed. Tribhuvan University and the Nepal Medical Council must adopt a transparent and fair policy for recognizing foreign degrees.

Especially degrees from countries like the Philippines, where residency is internationally recognized. Instead of abolishing these programs, Nepal should focus on evaluation, breeding systems and collaborative partnerships. It is also essential to end discrimination and create a culture of respect for all specialists.