What signs does our body show when we are deficient in which vitamin?

 What signs does our body show when we are deficient in which vitamin?

Feeling tired and weak in the body can be a major sign of a deficiency of vitamin B12, vitamin D, or folate.

Our body needs many vitamins to stay healthy. When we start experiencing a vitamin deficiency, our body starts showing some symptoms. People often consider these symptoms to be normal,. Many of the symptoms we see in our body are due to vitamin deficiency.

Having a general knowledge of what physical signs we see when we are deficient in which vitamin can help us to see a doctor easily.

Frequent fatigue and weakness

If you feel tired all the time, it could be a sign of a deficiency of vitamin B12, vitamin D, or folate. A deficiency of these vitamins reduces energy levels.

Hair loss and weak nails

Excessive hair loss, brittle nails, thinning, and splitting can be signs of a deficiency of vitamin B7 and vitamin D. Sometimes, it can be related to iron deficiency.

Mouth sores and chapped lips

Frequent mouth sores or chapped lips can be a sign of a deficiency of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate. You should consult a doctor even if you do not experience any pain.

Persistent dry skin

If your skin is constantly dry or this problem is increasing, it can be a sign of a deficiency of vitamin A, vitamin E, or vitamin C. You should pay attention to your diet.

Bleeding gums

Bleeding gums when brushing or wounds that do not heal quickly can indicate a deficiency of vitamin C. Vitamin C helps the body produce collagen and heal wounds. It can also weaken bones.

What to eat to avoid vitamin deficiency?

Before eating anything, it is important to know what your body is deficient in. Then, you should manage your diet accordingly.

Why is genetic testing necessary during pregnancy? Who should get it done, when?

 Why is genetic testing necessary during pregnancy? Who should get it done, when?

Genetic testing is not something to be afraid of. Its purpose is to identify whether the child has any genetic problems in a timely manner.

According to pediatrician and genetic specialist Dr. Surbhi Aryal, although genetic testing is not necessary for everyone during pregnancy, it is considered very important in special situations.

It is natural for parents to have many questions and concerns about the health of the baby during pregnancy. In particular, whether the child has any congenital or hereditary problems has become a matter of interest for many.

In recent years, access to genetic testing has been expanding in Nepal as well, which has made it possible to identify some serious diseases in the womb. Who needs genetic testing? How much does family history affect? ​​When and which tests are performed? Is the test safe or not? And what options are available to parents if a problem is found in the test?

Pediatrician and genetic specialist Dr. A detailed conversation with Surbhi Aryal:

Should all women undergo genetic testing during pregnancy or is it only recommended for special situations?

Not all pregnant women need genetic testing. But in some special cases, it may be necessary if the doctor recommends it. For example, if the pregnant woman is over 35 years old, has had a genetic disease in a previous child, has a history of hereditary diseases in family members, or is suspected of having a genetic problem, then testing may be necessary.

Similarly, if a dual marker or quadruple marker test shows a risk, further confirmatory testing is required. In some cases, even if both parents are ‘carriers’ of a disease, testing of the unborn child is necessary. For example, if both husband and wife are carriers of thalassemia, special testing is done because there is a possibility of passing the disease on to the child.

How much does family history increase the risk of a genetic disease in an unborn child?

Family history is considered very important in genetics. Many genetic diseases are hereditary, so if someone in the family has the condition, the baby may also be at risk.

For example, some diseases, such as hemophilia or Duchenne muscular dystrophy, are X-linked, which means they are usually passed down from the mother's side. If a pregnant woman has a history of these diseases in her siblings or maternal grandparents, she should definitely tell her doctor.

Thalassemia, spinal muscular atrophy, and many other diseases can also cause the disease in her child if the parents are carriers. Therefore, it is important to be open about your family health history with your doctor during your prenatal check-up.

When is the best time to have genetic testing?

Different tests have different times.

NT scan: Between 11-13 weeks

Dual marker test: In the first trimester

Quadruple test: Up to about 20 weeks

NIPT: After 10 weeks

Chorionic villus sampling: At 12-13 weeks

Amniocentesis: After 14-15 weeks

When is the most appropriate test to perform?

Which tests are done depends on the age of the fetus, risk factors, and medical needs.

Which diseases can be detected through genetic testing?

Genetic testing helps identify many types of hereditary and chromosomal diseases. Down syndrome is one of the most commonly tested diseases. In addition, trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and other chromosomal problems can also be detected.

If there is a history of a specific genetic disease in the family or if the parents are carriers, monogenic diseases can also be identified through gene testing. Current technology has developed the ability to detect many types of genetic diseases during pregnancy.

How safe are these tests during pregnancy?

Many parents worry about whether genetic testing will affect the baby or the mother. But most tests are safe. Ultrasound and screening tests using maternal blood do not harm the mother or the baby. They are considered completely safe.

Invasive tests such as CVS or amniocentesis may have a small risk because they use needles. However, the risk is very low when performed by an experienced specialist. If the doctor recommends it, there is no need to be afraid.

What options do parents have if a problem is found in the test?

If the test shows a genetic problem in the baby, the first thing to do is to consult a geneticist, genetic counselor or pediatrician to understand the nature, severity and future of the disease.

Every disease is different. In some cases, special monitoring, additional tests or a plan to deliver in a special health facility may be made.

In some serious diseases, the baby's life expectancy may be very low. In such cases, a decision can be made about the available options with the advice of a specialist.

Is treatment possible after genetic diseases are detected in the womb?

Most genetic diseases are not curable by taking medicines like other diseases. In such cases, the main focus is on supportive therapy, rehabilitation services, regular monitoring and long-term management. Therefore, early detection of the disease is the most important aspect.

What is the access and cost of genetic testing in Nepal?

Until a few years ago, samples had to be sent abroad for many genetic tests. It was a situation where there was no such thing as a genetic test. Now, dual marker, quadruple test, NIPT and many invasive tests are available in Nepal.

However, these services are mainly concentrated in urban areas. They are yet to be expanded to rural areas. When it comes to cost, not all tests are very expensive. Some screening tests start at around Rs. 5,000, while some complex tests may cost more. Therefore, the idea that ‘genetic testing is very expensive’ is not entirely correct.

Does the risk of genetic diseases increase as the mother ages?

As a woman ages, the chances of changes in the chromosomes in the egg increase. This may also increase the risk of chromosomal problems in the child.

Especially when pregnant at the age of 35 or above, the chances of Down syndrome, trisomy and other chromosomal abnormalities are relatively high, so doctors recommend additional tests in such cases.

What are the common misconceptions or misconceptions about genetic testing?

There are still some misconceptions in society about genetic testing. First, the idea that ‘if no one in the family has a genetic disease, the child will not have it either’. In fact, not all genetic diseases are hereditary. Some can even appear in new forms.

Second, the misconception that ‘genetic testing is a test to distinguish between sons and daughters’. Its main purpose is to identify whether a baby has a genetic disease, not to determine gender.

Third, the idea that ‘this test is too expensive for ordinary people to get it done’. Not all tests are expensive and are recommended only according to medical necessity.

How do you see the future of genetic services in Nepal?

The future of genetic services in Nepal is very promising. The services currently available need to be expanded to rural areas, not limited to urban areas.

This requires skilled manpower, infrastructure, and government investment. Over time, this service is likely to become an important part of basic health care.

Finally, what is your message to parents?

Genetic testing is not something to be afraid of. The aim is to identify the child early if there is a genetic problem. If the doctor has advised screening or confirmatory testing, then you should do it with confidence.

If the disease is identified early, it is easier to provide the necessary counseling, planning, and management. Therefore, it is wise to prioritize the doctor's advice without getting confused.

What happens in the body when we are in deep sleep?

 What happens in the body when we are in deep sleep?

Sleep is as necessary as nutritious food and pure water. Why do people feel sleepy? Why is it necessary to sleep? To know these mysteries, another important question is necessary, ‘What happens in our body when we are in deep sleep?’

Why do we feel sleepy?

Sleep also has stages. It is mainly divided into two parts. The first is rapid eye movement. The second is non-rapid eye movement. Apart from this, there are three more stages, which are called N-1, N-2 and N-3.

Out of these, N-3 is the deep sleep stage. It is also called wave sleep. We usually enter this stage within the first two hours of sleep. That is, we reach deep sleep. This is repeated in short periods throughout the night.

During this stage, i.e. deep sleep, the brain produces delta waves. This wave slows down brain activity and puts the body into a deep state of rest. It is very difficult to wake people up in this state. Even if they wake up, they often feel confused or unfocused.

Processes that occur in the body during deep sleep

During deep sleep, the body carries out various physical processes that play an important role in maintaining health and functionality.

1. Cell repair and growth

During deep sleep, the body repairs and regenerates cells. During this period, the production of growth hormone is high. Especially in children and adolescents. This hormone helps in the growth and repair of muscles, bones and other cells. In adults, this hormone also plays an important role in healing injuries, strengthening muscles and repairing cells.

During this time, the body also accelerates protein synthesis, which helps in regenerating damaged cells and building new cells.

2. Increases immunity

During deep sleep, the immune system is strengthened. During this time, the body produces proteins like cytokines, which are necessary to fight infection. Lack of sleep weakens the immune system.

Sleep promotes the activity of T-cells and other immune cells. These cells destroy viruses and bacteria that enter the body. Vaccines are also more effective in people who get enough sleep.

3. Brain cleansing and memory

During deep sleep, the brain cleanses itself and strengthens memory. In this process, it removes toxins and waste from the brain. Deep sleep also helps in increasing memory. The things learned throughout the day are organized in the brain and converted into long-term memory. This process is driven by the interaction between the hippocampus and the neocortex.

4. Energy storage and digestion

During deep sleep, the body's digestive rate decreases, which conserves energy. Heart rate, breathing, and body temperature decrease, which allows the body to rest. During this period, the body controls glucose utilization and improves insulin sensitivity, which reduces the risk of diabetes.

Sleep also controls levels of stress hormones such as cortisol. If sleep is lacking, cortisol levels increase, which increases the risk of stress, anxiety, and obesity.

5. Heart Health

Sleep helps keep the heart and circulatory system healthy. Blood pressure and heart rate decrease during this time, which relaxes the heart. People who get regular sleep have a lower risk of high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. In addition, during this time, the body also focuses on repairing blood vessels and reducing inflammation.

Effects of sleep deprivation

If sleep deprivation occurs, various body systems are negatively affected. Sleep deprivation weakens memory, reduces immunity, increases stress, and imbalances in digestion. In the long term, sleep deprivation increases the risk of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, depression, and Alzheimer's.

How to get a good night's sleep?

Regular sleep schedule: Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.

Sleeping environment: A quiet, dark, and comfortable room.

Limit screen time: Reduce mobile and computer use before bed.

Healthy lifestyle: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management.

How does Pantop work when eaten with gastric?

 How does Pantop work when eaten with gastric?

Acid is produced in the stomach every day, which helps in digesting food. This acid must be released from the stomach for digestion. But sometimes, for some reason, more acid is produced than required. It is called gastric.

Increased acid causes heartburn, heartburn and loss of appetite. In this case, the medicine taken for relief is pentaprazole. Pentaprazole is a proton pump inhibitor drug. This drug is colloquially known as pan top. The proton pump is the digestive juice, which is in the stomach layer. This medicine controls the secretion of digestive juices.

In what situation to use?

- Digestive problems especially when there is too much acid from the stomach or gas

- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (regurgitation after eating)

- In case of swelling in the esophagus, which carries food through the mouth to the stomach. (This problem causes chest burning, discomfort and loss of appetite.)

- Heartburn (For heartburn, medicine should be taken only on the advice of a doctor. Because heartburn can sometimes be caused by heart problems.)

- Ulcer problems

- If there is a tumor in the stomach

How does it work?

This drug belongs to proton class. When our stomach produces more acid than necessary, in that case sour belching, stomach ache and reluctance to eat occur. In this case, the work of this drug is to reduce or stop the amount of acid by disrupting the work of cells that produce acid in the stomach. As soon as its quantity decreases, the symptoms related to stomach pain will decrease.

This medicine also prevents the negative effects on the esophagus caused by acid.

How to take this medicine, when to take it?

It is a medicine that is swallowed by keeping it in the mouth with water. It should not be broken or chewed. But while taking medicine, it should not be taken on the basis of Hachuva. It is necessary to consult a doctor before taking any medicine.

This medicine should always be taken on an empty stomach. And, if you take it only occasionally, you should take a small amount.

How much to take depends on the health condition. It is a normal condition, one can be taken in the case of belching and sour water coming into the mouth. In many cases, it may be necessary to take more. Which is determined by the doctor.

In what condition should this medicine not be taken?

Women with liver disease, lack of calcium in the blood, low levels of magnesium, potassium, pregnancy and breastfeeding women should not take this medicine.

Does any medicine interact with this medicine?

People who are taking Atazanavir, Nelfinavir, Amplicin, Delaviserdine, Iron Salt, Ketoconazole should not take this medicine. Because these drugs can react with Pantop drugs and cause other side effects.

Should not be used for a long time?

It doesn't make any difference to eat pantop sometimes. But if you eat more, it can be harmful. Some people have a habit of taking this medicine when they have a stomach ache. If you eat this way continuously, it can cause problems such as weakening of bones, polyps (meat growth) in the stomach.

How fast does it give results?

This medicine starts working two hours after taking it. Its effect lasts for 24 hours. It may take up to four weeks to see its effectiveness and relief from symptoms.

This drug is sold in three forms.

– 20 mg delayed-release oral tablet

– 40 mg delayed-release oral tablet

– 40 mg granules for delayed-release oral suspension

In some cases, this drug is also given through a needle.

How to store?

This medicine should be kept in a very cool, dry and safe place. And, it should be kept away from the reach of children. Also, it should not be kept in the sun and damp places.

What are the side-effects?

Allergic reactions such as itchy skin, swelling of the face, lips, tongue and throat

Kidney injury, decreased urine output, swelling of heels, hands and feet

Magnesium deficiency, muscle and joint pain, rapid heartbeat

Low vitamin B-12 levels, tingling hands and feet, muscle weakness, difficulty concentrating

Diarrhea, fever and vomiting

If these side-effects are observed, the medicine should be stopped immediately and the relevant doctor should be contacted.

history

Pantoprazole was invented by scientist Bike Gulden in 1980. And the production and sales distribution took place in 1985. This drug was extracted while searching for a cure for ulcer.

What should a single parent pay attention to when raising a child?

 What should a single parent pay attention to when raising a child?

If the husband and wife separate for some reason, the responsibility of the children falls on the shoulders of one of the parents. There are many challenges to face during single parenthood.

The rate of children living with both parents in the US is decreasing every year. About a quarter of the children live there with their mother or father. This trend is not limited to America but is growing all over the world.

The reason for this may be because the mother or father works away from the family, because of family quarrels and divorce. Experts say, single parenthood is not a positive development. Children who live with one parent are more likely to have behavioral problems.

Behavioral problems in children

Children who grow up with a single parent may have behavioral problems and difficulties with emotional self-regulation. Single parents are not able to give enough time to their children. As a result, problems such as irritability, hyperactivity and inability to concentrate may appear in the child.

It also affects the future of children who grow up with single parents

Children who grow up with a single parent receive a lower level of education than other children. Because usually the income of a single parent is not as much as two parents. Therefore, most of the single parents cannot meet the needs of the house.

Due to lack of finances, if they do not get a good education, those children will not be able to get a good income-earning job in the future. In this case, along with their childhood, their future also passes in financial deprivation.

It is beneficial for both parents to be together for the best care of the child

If both parents are together, they get more time and attention to take care of the child. It is beneficial for both the parents to bring up the child together in the physical and mental development of the child. So, whatever the reason, it is better for parents to find effective ways to strengthen their family instead of looking for reasons to stay apart.

Instead of blaming, single parents should be helped

Socially, single parents should be helped instead of being blamed. This will improve the physical and mental health of millions of children.

What is a single parent to do?

Take time for yourself. Let's take care of our children as well as take care of ourselves. Being worried can cause problems in taking care of children.

It is good to have a daily schedule for you and your child. A single parent may face more problems due to wrong lifestyle. So it is better to go according to the schedule.

During single parenthood, you can take help from relatives or someone close to you. In the beginning, you can also take help from your friends. A single parent needs to be a friend to a child. Rather than being a parent, you should listen to the child as a friend. Their problems can be identified and solved only by becoming friends.

Benefits of cucumbers, when is it better to eat them?

 Benefits of cucumbers, when is it better to eat them?

The pleasure of eating cucumbers in hot summer is different. Cucumber, which is mostly eaten as a salad, keeps the body hydrated and also enhances the beauty of the skin. Cucumber does not have any disadvantages, it has advantages.

What happens when there is a lack of vitamin E?

Vitamins, nutrients needed by the body, can be obtained from various foods. Generally, we are aware of vitamins A, B, C and D, but not many people pay attention to vitamin E, which is essential for the body.

These are the 5 signs when someone is falling in love

These are the 5 signs when someone is falling in love

Osho, the great interpreter of love, says, "Love has no language." The flower of love blooms in silence. Love is music, love is a melodious echo.

What happens when fat accumulates in the liver?

Liver is an important organ of the body, which not only helps to digest food but also helps to remove toxins from the body. The liver also stores energy in the form of glucose.

Why does heart rate increase when you are scared or anxious?

When we suddenly panic or fear for some reason, then the heart beats faster. We think that the heart will come out.

Why is the world worried about sleep? When people sleep less, the country's economy loses up to 4 billion dollars!

Why is the world worried about sleep? When people sleep less, the country's economy loses up to 4 billion dollars!

There are many things to do even when not at work. Had to get a job. Those who do not work (especially women) have a house and children. Where is the happiness for those who work? Both husband and wife are busy with their jobs and it is difficult to spare a few minutes a day even for themselves.

What happens When people with high blood pressure drink alcohol

Let's say you have high blood pressure. He is also an alcoholic. Doctors have clearly said, 'Alcoholic substances can be more dangerous in high blood pressure.'

A girl's feeling: When a man stares at her

When a woman is looked at by a man while walking outside the house, it makes the woman psychologically very weak. The experience of girls is that when a man starts staring at a woman, fear, guilt, and insecurity arise simultaneously.

What happens when you eat Citamol?

General Physician Dr. Sunil Adhikari says, 'Cetamol does not require a doctor's prescription. But eating indiscriminately or continuously is harmful.