‘A person smiling on the outside may be in pain on the inside’

 ‘A person smiling on the outside may be in pain on the inside’


A hectic lifestyle, economic insecurity, rising unemployment, social expectations and fear of the future, as well as the influence of excessive social media, are further increasing mental pressure.



‘A person smiling on the outside may be in pain on the inside’


The \'Let's talk about our hearts\' campaign launched by the Nepal government is a national initiative to make mental health a social priority and break the silence.


The campaign aims to encourage adolescents, youth and the general public to seek awareness, empathy and support about mental health.


We live in a society bound by collective thinking and culture. It is our habit to talk to each other, gather, and exchange experiences. Whether at home, in a tea shop, in the office or on social media - there is no shortage of words. But one important thing is often lost in all this dialogue - the heart.


From the outside, many people look normal and happy. They have a smile on their face, and their behavior is easy. But that smile is not always genuine. Some people put on a show of their pain so that no one can see it. On the inside, they may be tired, scared, confused, and depressed. These mental struggles that are not visible on the outside are not easily understood, and are often ignored.


The Importance of the ‘Let’s Talk About It’ Campaign


The ‘Let’s Talk About It’ campaign launched by the Government of Nepal is not just an information program, it is a national initiative to make mental health a social priority, break the silence, give courage to speak up, and encourage people to seek help.


The campaign focuses on promoting awareness, empathy, compassion, and dialogue about mental health, especially among adolescents, youth, and the general public. It aims to remove discrimination and misconceptions, develop stress management and various skills, and encourage people to seek professional help when needed. In addition, the campaign also covers social safety and support services such as digital wellness, family and community support, and the 1166 helpline.


The Pain Behind the Smile


In daily life, many people are fulfilling their responsibilities with a smile, but on the inside, they are suffering. They want to express their feelings, but they are afraid - 'If I tell my pain, will society think I am weak, will they criticize me, will they blame me?' Worries like these prevent them from speaking up.


Because of these thoughts and fears, the pain of the mind remains hidden inside. Over time, these problems become deeper and begin to affect the person's performance, relationships, and enthusiasm for life. Eventually, it may become difficult to even do normal tasks.


How do mental problems look?


Many in our society still associate mental problems with 'madness'. Most people easily assume that 'he is depressed' or 'he is crazy' when they see symptoms such as sadness, anxiety, fatigue, or inability to concentrate. But the reality is different from such simple perceptions.


Mental problems come in many forms and can manifest differently in each person. While some may suffer from constant sadness, lack of confidence, or insomnia, others may experience excessive anger, anxiety, social distancing, or changes in behavior.


Some people may experience difficulty expressing their feelings, losing focus at work or school, or having difficulty fulfilling daily responsibilities. Similarly, there may be a more severe mental health problem that can have a long-term impact.


Importantly, not all mental health problems are always obvious from the outside. Some people hide their suffering and act as if they are normal, which can mislead society. Therefore, a sensitive approach is needed to understand each person’s experiences, circumstances, and inner feelings, rather than judging mental health problems solely based on external behavior.


Why is a mental health campaign necessary now?


Mental health problems are not new in Nepal. But the environment for talking about them openly was not created for a long time. Many still associate mental health with ‘weakness’ or ‘madness’. These are challenging times – a hectic lifestyle, economic insecurity, rising unemployment, social expectations and fear of the future, as well as the influence of excessive social media, are increasing mental pressure.


These are the reasons why people are stressed inside. In such situations, the ‘Speak Your Mind’ campaign works to break the silence, encourage people to speak up, and create an environment that inspires them to seek help.


Listening: Our Shared Responsibility


Many people ask – what can we do if we are not the treating doctors?’ The answer is simple – we can listen. This means listening attentively, not interrupting, and not imposing immediate solutions. Without denying feelings, sometimes a simple statement like ‘I understand you’ can be a great support.


When is it necessary to seek help from a specialist?


Not all problems can be solved by yourself or with the help of a friend. If the problem persists for a long time, begins to affect work, studies, or relationships, persistent negative thinking increases, or thoughts of self-harm/suicide begin to arise, it is essential to seek help immediately.


In this case, consulting a doctor, psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional can be a life-saving step. Seeking help in a timely manner can help Health problems are easier to manage and have a positive impact on a person's life, performance and overall health.


Only when we speak our minds, understand others and show empathy, can we build a healthy, cooperative society. The 'Speak Your Mind' campaign gives us this message - speaking up is not weakness, it is courage. Sometimes, a little listening and a little support can save a life.

5 Benefits of Reducing Sugar Intake for Kidneys

 5 Benefits of Reducing Sugar Intake for Kidneys


Reducing sugar helps control weight, blood pressure, and maintain good kidney health, which helps prevent kidney diseases.

Nepalese people start their day with tea with sugar. Tea, coffee, sauces, biscuits, and sweets all contain sugar. According to the World Health Organization, the average person should not consume more than 6 teaspoons of sugar per day, 25 grams, but many Nepalese consume more than this, which causes health problems. Eating too much sugar not only increases weight but also worsens kidney health. If you reduce your sugar intake, you can prevent kidney diseases and maintain good kidney health.



A study published in the journal JAMA Network Open analyzed data from 127,830 adults. It was found that those who consumed more than one glass of sugary drinks such as Coke, Fanta, or other sugar-sweetened beverages a day had a 19 percent higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease. This study also showed that those who replaced these sweet drinks with water or natural juices had a 7 to 10 percent lower risk of chronic kidney disease.


1. Blood pressure does not increase and kidney blood vessels remain healthy


Eating too much sugar increases obesity quickly, gaining weight increases blood pressure, and high blood pressure has a negative impact on kidney blood vessels. Reducing sugar helps control weight and blood pressure. In the Global Burden of Disease study, high sugar intake was found to increase high blood pressure and body mass index, which contributes to 93.8 percent of deaths from chronic kidney disease.


2. Blood pressure is controlled and there is no pressure on the kidneys


The kidneys filter the blood and remove toxins from the body. Eating too much sugar increases glucose levels. High blood pressure and high blood sugar over time damage the blood vessels in the kidneys. This is why high sugar can lead to kidney failure. When blood sugar is more than 180 mg/dl, the kidneys spill sugar into the urine, which damages the kidneys. Reducing the amount of sugar does not put too much pressure on the kidneys and keeps the kidneys healthy.


3. Protects against the effects of fatty liver


People who eat a lot of refined sugar gain weight quickly and have fatty liver problems. If there is fatty liver, the kidneys are also affected. In a study related to non-alcoholic fatty liver, it has been concluded that high sugar intake causes non-alcoholic fatty liver. Reducing sugary drinks or sugar maintains good metabolic health and does not worsen kidney health. In the journal Frontiers in Nutrition, it is mentioned that high added sugar increases non-alcoholic fatty liver and this promotes kidney damage.


4. Reduces the risk of kidney stones


Uric acid levels may increase in people who eat a lot of sugar. High uric acid increases the risk of kidney stones. Added sugar increases the risk of kidney stones. Reducing sugar can help control uric acid and reduce the risk of kidney stones. Sugar can increase calcium in the urine and reduce fluid intake for kidney stones.


5. Reduces kidney risk factors


The two biggest risk factors for kidney damage are inflammation and obesity. Reducing sugar can reduce both inflammation and obesity. Inflammation impairs kidney health, and obesity causes the kidneys to filter more blood, which increases pressure. The Canadian Medical Association Journal states that high sugar can increase inflammation and increase the risk of chronic kidney disease. Reducing sugar can control both obesity and inflammation. In Frontiers in Immunology, added sugar was found to increase chronic inflammation and lead to obesity.

Lungs: What they are, how they work?

 Lungs: What they are, how they work?


Damage to the lungs from minor infections or injuries can heal on their own, but damage from smoking, pollution, or chronic diseases can be permanent.



The lungs are the main part of our respiratory system and work to deliver oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.


How many times do you breathe in a minute? In seconds? Have you ever counted? How long can you live without taking a breath? Have you ever wondered about this?


Because breathing in and out is an automatic process, for which you do not have to make any extra effort. But, what happens if that breath suddenly stops? You certainly have the answer.


Not only is it essential for life, but the lungs play a major role in taking in and releasing oxygen, which is needed every moment.


The lungs, which are soft, sponge-like structures inside the chest, supply the body with oxygen and energy and remove toxic carbon dioxide.


What role do the lungs play in the continuous process from taking in oxygen to taking out carbon dioxide? Why are two lungs necessary? How much damage does smoking cause?


What is the function of the lungs and what is their structure?


The lungs are the main organs of our respiratory system. They are made of soft, flexible tissue like a sponge and are located inside the chest around the heart. The lungs have a thin membrane on the outside that protects them. They are divided into two parts: the right lung has three parts: ‘upper, middle and lower’. The left lung has two parts: ‘upper and lower’. The left lung is slightly smaller because the heart occupies more space on the left.


The respiratory system begins with the nose or mouth. Air enters the trachea through the throat. It is then divided into two parts. The air we inhale enters the right and left lungs separately. After reaching the lungs, the bronchi divide 23 times like the branches of a tree, reaching the smallest tubes and ending at the ‘alveoli’ (air sacs).


The alveoli are thin membranous tissues like grape clusters, around which the blood vessels coming from the heart are spread like a spider web. An adult has 300 million to 600 million alveoli.


If the lungs are fully expanded, their surface area is 70-100 square meters, the size of a tennis court. The lung weighs 1 to 1.2 kilograms. The right one is slightly larger and heavier. The lung is the only organ in the body that can float in water, because it is always full of air. Even after breathing out completely, about 1 liter of air remains in it.


What is its main function?


The main function of the lungs is to supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide, which is called gas exchange. This is possible due to the thin membrane between the alveoli and the blood vessels.


Oxygen is absorbed from the air coming from outside and enters the circulatory system and reaches various cells of the body to provide energy. Similarly, carbon dioxide, a toxic gas produced by the body's organs, enters the alveoli through the blood vessels and is released when we exhale. This process continues continuously. The lungs also filter the air, which protects the body from infection.


It produces phlegm, which traps dust, germs, and pollutants and expels them when we cough them up. We breathe 8,000 to 9,000 liters of air every day, but the body uses only 5 percent of the oxygen from this air. The lungs are closely connected to the heart, so heart problems can also affect the lungs.


Why do humans have two lungs? What happens if one lung fails?


The main reason for having two lungs is for the body’s balance and safety. Both lungs work separately but support each other. If one lung develops a problem, such as cancer or infection, the other one takes over, which can help save lives. This makes it easier for the heart and other organs to function together.


Even if one lung is completely removed, a person can still survive, but not at full capacity. The failed lung can cause problems such as infection, blistering, or bleeding, and the infection can spread to the other lung because there is no barrier between the two.


Pollution or other external factors affect both equally, but some diseases can affect only one side. If a failed lung causes a lot of problems, it may need to be surgically removed.


How do the lungs take in and expel air?


The process of taking in air is called respiration, which consists of two stages – ‘inhalation’, which is the process of drawing air in, and ‘exhalation’, which is the process of expelling air out. This process is controlled by the brain and occurs 12-20 times per minute.


During inhalation, air from the nose or mouth passes through the throat, trachea, bronchi, and small tubes in the lungs, and then reaches the alveoli. The diaphragm muscle moves down, increasing the space in the chest, which draws air in. About half a liter of air is taken in with each breath.


During exhalation, the diaphragm moves up, the chest narrows, and air is expelled from the lungs. This process is also called ventilation. It is affected in chronic lung diseases, which are called respiratory failure. Sudden problems such as food getting stuck in the airway or tumors can also affect it.


Is there a chance of recovery if the lungs are damaged? How does smoking affect this?


The likelihood of lung damage depends on the type and extent of damage. The lungs have some ability to regenerate. They can heal themselves from minor infections or injuries, such as damage from the flu or pneumonia, which can be treated and cured with time and rest. However, serious damage caused by smoking, pollution, or chronic diseases such as COPD, fibrosis, or cancer can be permanent and may not fully recover. In such cases, medical treatment, medication, or surgery may be necessary.


Smoking is harmful to the lungs. It damages the fine hairs and membranes of the airways, which makes it easier for dust, smoke, or viruses to enter the lungs. This increases the risk of pneumonia or other infections. Smokers' lungs become black/brown, inflamed, and damaged. However, quitting smoking has a positive effect on the lungs. The lungs have various defense mechanisms, such as nasal hairs, which are damaged by smoking but largely repaired after quitting.


Although not completely restored, the risk of infection is reduced and health improves. Quitting smoking is beneficial at any age, even up to 90 years. A healthy lifestyle, exercise, and avoiding pollution increase the chances of recovery, but this depends on individual health. If there is a problem, it is best to consult a doctor.


What are the main problems that occur in the lungs? And how to maintain lung health?


Immediate problems in the lungs such as colds, coughs, nasal congestion, sore throat, fever, chest pain, and problems with the airways that cause coughing or wheezing. In the long term, pneumonia, lung infections, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer are the main ones. Lung infections, asthma, and cancer are more common in Nepal. As diseases like asthma increase, lung capacity decreases, which affects daily life.


Lung health depends on daily air quality, diet and lifestyle. Healthy lungs are pink in color. To keep them healthy, you should quit smoking completely, exercise regularly, which increases lung capacity.


Wear a mask to avoid pollution, breathe clean air, eat a balanced diet and drink enough water. If you have difficulty breathing, cough or chest pain, you should immediately get checked by a doctor. Since the lungs are connected to the heart and other organs, it is necessary to pay attention to overall health.


What is sodium? Both too little and too much are harmful

 What is sodium? Both too little and too much are harmful

To control sodium, try to consume less than 2 grams of salt per day, which is about a teaspoon.


What is sodium? Both too little and too much are harmful



Sodium is a part of salt and is necessary for the normal functioning of the body's cells, nerves, muscles, and heart.

Consuming more than 2 grams of sodium per day can cause high blood pressure and long-term heart problems.

The salt we eat daily is not only related to the taste of our food, but also to the balance of the body, heart health, and quality of life. Both conditions of sodium deficiency and excess can cause serious health problems.


A conversation with cardiologist Dr. Rajendra Koju on what sodium is, why the body needs it, how much is safe, and what risks arise when it is too much:


What is sodium and why is it needed by the body?


Sodium is the scientific name. In simple terms, it is a part of salt. It is a mineral element. We eat it every day and it is one of the most important minerals for our body.


Without sodium, the body's cells, nerves, muscles and heart cannot function normally. It is essential for water balance, blood pressure, signal transmission and muscle function. But too much sodium can cause high blood pressure and heart problems, so it is important to keep it in the right amount.


What happens in the body when there is a lack of sodium?


Sodium keeps our body in good balance. It is found in the blood, muscles, cells and other parts of the body. Most of it is in the blood. Without this mineral, cells cannot function. Muscles, the heart and the brain all need it. If it is less than the required amount, it has a negative effect on the body.


Due to its deficiency, muscles cannot function, the nervous system is affected, and problems occur in the heart and other organs. This is called hyponatremia. It must be kept in the required amount. About 500 milligrams of sodium is needed every day, but it is recommended that the amount of salt should not exceed 2.3 grams. This 2.3 grams is not even equal to a teaspoon.


Is sodium only in salt or is it also found in other foods?


Foods like green vegetables, fruits, milk, yogurt, cheese, fish, meat, and eggs contain sodium even if they are not salted, but the amount is less.


It is difficult to say exactly how much salt to eat daily, but it can be estimated in these ways. The World Health Organization recommends less than 2 grams of sodium per day for adults. This is approximately the same as a teaspoon of salt.


Sodium is found not only in salt, but also in foods added to food and vegetables. The added sodium should not exceed 2.3 grams. A teaspoon can be used when measuring. For example, a teaspoon of salt is enough to cook vegetables for four people. Generally, it is okay to eat only one teaspoon of salt per day.


What happens when you have too much sodium?


Too much sodium has various negative effects on the body. Because sodium attracts water. When there is too much sodium, the body retains water, blood volume increases, and pressure in the blood vessels increases. The biggest problem caused by this is high blood pressure, which causes long-term damage to the heart, brain, kidneys, etc.


What are the symptoms of sodium deficiency or excess?


When there is a deficiency (hyponatremia) or excess (hypernatremia) of sodium, various symptoms appear in the body, which are mainly due to the effects on the brain and nervous system.


Sodium deficiency occurs when the blood sodium level is 135 milliequivalents per liter.


The main symptoms are headache, nausea or vomiting, fatigue or weakness, muscle weakness, cramps, confusion or dizziness, irritability or low blood pressure, dizziness, fainting, or a person may go into a coma.


When sodium is high, ‘sodium 145 milliequivalents per liter in the blood’


When sodium is high, problems such as excessive thirst, feeling tired or lethargic, dizziness or confusion, irritability, muscle twitching or cramps, dry mouth and skin, and rapid heartbeat may occur.


You can predict these symptoms at home. If you experience problems such as headache, fatigue, confusion, cramps, or fainting, you should go to the doctor immediately. These symptoms can also be associated with other diseases. But the most accurate and reliable way is to check the amount of sodium in the blood by doing a blood test.


How does sodium affect heart health?


Excess sodium affects the heart in two main ways. First, it causes high blood pressure and puts extra pressure on the heart and blood vessels. Second, as blood volume increases, the heart has to pump more blood, which can cause the muscle in the left lower chamber of the heart (ventricle) to thicken or enlarge, a condition called ‘left ventricular hypertrophy’, or increase the risk of heart failure.


In addition, excess sodium activates the sympathetic nervous system, weakens the inner lining of blood vessels, and increases inflammation, which further damages the heart and blood vessels. The effects are more severe in people with high blood pressure or heart disease, as it increases the accumulation of excess fluid in the body, putting an additional burden on the heart.


How to control sodium?


-To control sodium, try to keep your daily intake below 2 grams, which is about 5 grams of salt per day.


-You should cook more fresh food at home. Processed/packaged foods such as chips, noodles, sausages, bread, soy sauce, etc. should be reduced as much as possible. Salt should be kept to a minimum while cooking and eating.


-You should check the sodium content of packaged foods by looking at the label and choose low-sodium options.


-You should eat more potassium-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and yogurt. This reduces the negative effects of sodium.



5 ways to get over the pain of a breakup

 5 ways to get over the pain of a breakup


Due to the busyness of the festive season in mid-December, many people reconsider their 'pair' and break up, and December 11 is celebrated as Breakup Day.

After a breakup, it is recommended to make a fixed schedule to improve mental health, exercise at least 20 minutes a day, and eat healthy foods.

Experts have said that a breakup should be considered an opportunity to find the purpose of life and move forward by finalizing the relationship.

According to experts, many breakups happen in mid-December. It is said that many people reconsider their 'pair' during the festive season because they are busy with work, parties, meeting friends, and family gatherings. That is why Breakup Day is celebrated on December 11.



However, breakups do not always happen in the winter season. It can happen anytime.


Ways to get over a breakup


1. Make and follow a fixed schedule


After a breakup, many people feel like their whole world has fallen apart. You may have felt the same way. 'There is no future now. You may think, 'I have no one'. But the way to avoid it is to make a specific schedule and follow it literally. By doing this, you will not be able to sit in silence and suffer. Especially, you can make a schedule full of healthy and satisfying activities.


2. Keep your body moving


You know that any exercise is beneficial for the body. Exercise is also good for mental health. Because mental health is seriously affected after a breakup. To avoid that, moving your body for at least 20 minutes every day can help improve your sleep. Because many people cannot sleep after a breakup due to anxiety. You can keep your body moving by walking, lifting weights, stretching, or working out.


3. Eat healthy food


Breaking up with the person you thought you would spend your life with is like mourning a death. Because of this, some may not be able to eat, not eat at all, or feel nauseous even after eating a bite. But in this case, you should try to eat clean and fresh food. Because healthy and nutritious foods provide positive energy to the body.


4. Finding the purpose of life


A breakup is definitely a moment of sadness. It feels like you have lost everything. But if you find your interests, aspirations, and goals at this time, you can easily 'move on'. Because a breakup is also a great opportunity to reconnect with yourself or redefine your goals.


5. Making a decision on your part


It is unlikely that you will 'return' to the relationship after a breakup. Which also means the end of the relationship. You need to make this decision properly, so that you can move forward easily. However, it is not always an easy situation. Many people live with anger, hurt, and regret after a breakup. It does nothing but bring bad results. Therefore, accept the situation as it is. In such a situation, do not think about what went wrong. Instead, you should move forward with a good memory.





Popular Posts