What are the top 3 types of insurance? What is risk in insurance?

 What are the top 3 types of insurance? What is risk in insurance?

The **top three types of insurance** are typically the ones most essential for individuals and families to ensure financial security and peace of mind. Here's a breakdown of each:  

---

### 1. **Health Insurance**  

**Why It’s Important:**  

Health insurance covers medical expenses, including doctor visits, hospital stays, surgeries, and medications. It ensures that individuals and families can access necessary healthcare without facing overwhelming financial burdens.  

**Key Benefits:**  

- Covers preventive care (e.g., vaccinations and check-ups).  

- Reduces out-of-pocket costs for major medical procedures.  

- Protects against unexpected health crises and chronic conditions.  

**Popular Options:**  

- Employer-sponsored health plans.  

- Government programs like Medicare and Medicaid.  

- Private health insurance policies.  

---

### 2. **Life Insurance**  

**Why It’s Important:**  

Life insurance provides financial support to your loved ones in the event of your death. It helps cover expenses like funeral costs, outstanding debts, and future living expenses for your family.  

**Key Benefits:**  

- Ensures financial stability for dependents.  

- Helps pay off mortgages, loans, and other debts.  

- Offers peace of mind, knowing your family is financially secure.  

**Types of Life Insurance:**  

- **Term Life Insurance:** Coverage for a specific period (e.g., 10, 20, or 30 years).  

- **Whole Life Insurance:** Lifetime coverage with a cash value component.  

- **Universal Life Insurance:** Flexible policies with investment options.  

---

### 3. **Auto Insurance**  

**Why It’s Important:**  

Auto insurance is often required by law and protects drivers from financial liabilities related to car accidents, theft, or damage. It covers both personal and third-party risks.  

**Key Benefits:**  

- Covers repair or replacement costs for your vehicle.  

- Provides liability coverage for damages or injuries caused to others.  

- Protects against uninsured or underinsured drivers.  

**Coverage Options:**  

- **Liability Insurance:** Covers damages and injuries you cause to others.  

- **Collision Coverage:** Pays for damage to your own vehicle.  

- **Comprehensive Coverage:** Covers non-collision-related damages, like theft or natural disasters.  

---

### Why These Three?  

These types of insurance address the most common and critical risks individuals face: health emergencies, the financial impact of death, and liabilities related to vehicle use. Together, they form the foundation of a sound financial protection plan.  

In the context of insurance, **risk** refers to the possibility or likelihood of an event occurring that could result in financial loss, injury, or damage to property. Insurance is fundamentally about managing this uncertainty by transferring the financial burden of potential risks from the insured to the insurer.

---

### **Types of Risk in Insurance**

1. **Pure Risk**  

   - Involves situations where there is only a possibility of loss or no loss, with no potential for gain.  

   - Examples: Natural disasters, theft, illness, or death.  

   - Insurers typically cover pure risks because they can be measured and predicted statistically.  

2. **Speculative Risk**  

   - Involves situations where there is a possibility of loss, no loss, or a gain.  

   - Examples: Investments, business ventures.  

   - Speculative risks are not insurable because they depend on individual choices and market conditions.  

---

### **Components of Risk in Insurance**

1. **Peril**  

   - A specific cause of loss, such as fire, flood, or accident.  

   - Example: A house burning down due to a fire is a peril.  

2. **Hazard**  

   - Conditions or circumstances that increase the likelihood of a peril occurring.  

   - Types of Hazards:  

     - **Physical Hazards:** Tangible factors like a faulty electrical system.  

     - **Moral Hazards:** Behavioral risks, like exaggerating claims.  

     - **Morale Hazards:** Carelessness, such as leaving doors unlocked.  

---

### **Risk Assessment in Insurance**  

Insurers assess risk to determine:  

1. **Premiums:** Higher-risk individuals or properties may be charged more.  

2. **Policy Terms:** Coverage limits and exclusions are set based on the risk profile.  

3. **Insurability:** Some risks are deemed uninsurable if they are too unpredictable or catastrophic.  

---

### **Risk Mitigation in Insurance**  

Insurance doesn't eliminate risk but helps manage it. Risk mitigation strategies include:  

1. **Risk Transfer:** Transferring the financial burden to an insurer by purchasing a policy.  

2. **Risk Reduction:** Taking steps to lower the likelihood or severity of risks (e.g., installing smoke detectors).  

3. **Risk Retention:** Accepting minor risks (like small deductibles) to save on premiums.  

---

### **Examples of Risk in Different Insurance Types**

- **Health Insurance:** The risk of illness or injury leading to medical expenses.  

- **Auto Insurance:** The risk of car accidents or vehicle theft.  

- **Life Insurance:** The risk of premature death and its financial impact on dependents.  

- **Property Insurance:** The risk of property damage due to natural disasters or theft.  

---

Understanding risk is the cornerstone of insurance. It enables insurers to design policies that protect individuals and businesses while ensuring sustainability for the company.

E-cigarettes are becoming a fashion among the youth, health is at risk

 E-cigarettes are becoming a fashion among the youth, health is at risk

12-year-old Sarah Griffin, who lives in the UK, suffered from asthma last September. Sarah, who has been in a coma in the hospital for a few days, is now improving. But his addiction to vape has badly damaged his lungs.

According to the BBC, one of the girl's lungs is almost completely destroyed. According to the doctor, his respiratory system has become like that of an 80-year-old instead of a 12-year-old child. Vape, which can make a 12-year-old's respiratory system look like an 80-year-old's, is now gaining popularity not only in Western countries, but also in Eastern countries. Vape (e-cigarette) has started to become a headache among tobacco products.

What is vape?

A vape is an electric cigarette that runs on a battery. People use it to heat liquids into a vapor that can be inhaled. It is considered a cancer-causing tobacco product because the inhaled vapor contains nicotine (a drug that makes tobacco addictive), flavors and toxic substances.

Vape became fashionable in Yuvapindi

Doctors say that the number of school-aged children who use vape in Nepal is increasing. Chest specialist Niraj Bam says, 'Vape has become like a fashion among young people. School and plus two age group studying in urban areas who have started adolescence are getting addicted to vape.

Psychiatrist Dr. Nirajan Bhattarai says that vape has made it easier for young people who are afraid or hesitant to smoke. Even if they want to smoke, children who are afraid and ashamed of their parents will confidently smoke in front of everyone. It has become a problem to openly smoke vape as a style. Because of this, the number of vape users is increasing, Dr. Bhattarai says.

Dr. Nirajan Bhattarai, Psychiatrist

Health risks

Dr. He says that the use of vape, which is being consumed like bomb cigarettes, will cause short-term and long-term health problems. According to him, the short-term effects may include vomiting, nausea, cough, difficulty breathing, mouth burning, and asthma and pneumonia. Long-term effects can include lung infections and damage, heart disease, cancer, and brain problems.

Dr. Bam adds, 'Nicotine products are considered harmful to health, which is why most countries have banned them. It should be banned in Nepal as well.

What do the statistics say?

According to a recent survey in the UK, one in five children between the ages of 11 and 17 use vape. This number is three times more than in 2020.

In the case of Nepal, there has been no research on this. Therefore, it is not possible to estimate how many people use vape. But many people who come to the OPD with lung problems are found to be using vape and hookah. Bam says. Because of this, he says, it will be difficult to control the use of tobacco products like vape and hookah, just as we have to gradually reduce smoking in Nepal.

Greater impact at younger ages

Dr. According to Bam, vaping poses a double threat to the younger age group. First, the various chemicals used in it, nicotine, harms the lungs. It weakens the lungs at an early age. Secondly, once you become addicted, the chances of getting addicted to cigarettes increase even more,” he says. Nicotine affects the brain development of children and adolescents. He says that in the future they will not be able to concentrate on their studies.

Dr. Neeraj Bam, thoracic specialist

Vaping is not a substitute for quitting smoking

In 2003, Hon Lik, a Chinese pharmacist who made e-cigarettes, claimed that he could easily quit smoking with its help. But e-cigarettes, which were created to help people get rid of cigarette addiction, have now become a big challenge for the world. Dr. There is no authentic research that the use of e-cigarettes helps to quit smoking. Bam says.

Is vape less dangerous than cigarettes? Dr. Bam says, 'Of the two types of poison, which one is better is the same thing. The possibility of quitting smoking through e-cigarettes is completely delusional. Harmful substances like nicotine are found in both.

How do you get addicted to vape?

Psychiatrist Dr. According to Bhattarai, vaping every day is likely to become addictive. It seems that after starting to eat under the pressure of social media, peers and friends, it gradually becomes a craving and becomes an addiction. If you start drinking tea during the day, as you get used to it, the more you consume the nicotine in the vape, the more you will become addicted. Nicotine increases the level of dopamine (hormone of pleasure). As a result, the desire to eat increases. The role of nicotine is to depend on it. Most people are taking it in the name of getting rid of smoking addiction. Who gradually becomes addicted to it,' said Dr. Bhattarai says.

Addiction treatment is possible

It is possible to get rid of vape addiction. But with family, own desire and medical treatment is necessary. Bhattarai says. In the treatment of its addiction, depending on the level of addiction, chewing gum and nicotine spray are given to reduce nicotine. After that, some medication and therapy will gradually reduce the desire for nicotine. Bhattarai says.

Who is more at risk of diabetes?

 Who is more at risk of diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic health problem. Diabetes is a health problem that occurs when the body's pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body's insulin cannot be used effectively.

Insulin is a type of hormone that controls blood glucose. Disturbances in insulin also cause disturbances in the amount of glucose or sugar in the blood. A pregnant woman's glucose level is 95. Other people should have 100 under normal conditions or 140 two hours after eating. The condition that is more than that is called diabetes. If not controlled in time, it can cause serious damage to many body systems, especially nerves and blood vessels.

Diabetes (Type 2 type) has been increasing worldwide for the past three decades. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 422 million people worldwide are currently suffering from diabetes. Most of them are citizens of low and middle income countries. Similarly, 1.5 million people die every year due to diabetes. A global target has been set to halt the rise in diabetes and obesity by 2025.

Types of diabetes

Like other diseases, there are many types of diabetes. Mainly it can be divided into four types namely type one, type two, gestational and secondary.

Type 1 diabetes: This is an auto immune disease. This disease, which usually occurs in children, is caused by the body's own immune system. The cells in the body that make insulin are called beta cells, which are located in the pancreas. Sometimes the body's immune system damages the beta cells and prevents them from making insulin. Due to the lack of insulin production in the body, the glucose in the blood becomes unbalanced. In the case of type 1 diabetes, children have problems like diarrhea and vomiting.

Type 2 diabetes: About 95 percent of people have type 2 diabetes. This is due to lifestyle, obesity and genetics. Nowadays, it has been found that type 2 diabetes is also caused by stress.

Gestational diabetes: Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes. Diabetes occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy due to imbalance in hormones. It can affect pregnancy and unborn baby.

Secondary diabetes: Secondary diabetes is a disorder that occurs when beta cells cannot produce insulin due to external factors. When drinking more alcohol, hypothyroid hormone is high and insulin cannot work. It is diabetes caused by other health problems. Secondary diabetes is also cured when the disease is cured.

How to know if you have diabetes?

There are two types of symptoms of diabetes, classic and non-classic. Diabetic patients experience increased hunger, thirst and urination. In this case, urine is more at night. If you don't have to get up the night before, you have to get up one or two or three times during the night when you have sugar. The only thing that will decrease is the weight. This is called a classic symptom.

Non-classical symptoms may include non-healing wounds, fatigue, and ringworm. But one thing to understand is that 50% of people with diabetes have no symptoms. You may have diabetes without knowing it.

Under what conditions will the test be conducted?

Even healthy people should check their sugar at least once a year. When testing like that, not only random sugar, fasting sugar, but 'glycosylated hemoglobin' should be tested, which can tell the blood sugar level of a person for three months. Testing can also be done on the basis of risk (risk factor). For example, if a family member has diabetes, is obese, has a stressful life, does not eat well, does not have a habit of physical exercise, or is planning to have children, it should be tested.

Sometimes the physical condition that we do not notice can also be a symptom of diabetes. For example, the neck looks dirty, the armpits look black. This condition is often seen in children, but it is more easily seen in women. We think this is due to the black sun. But because of diabetes and those who are about to develop diabetes, these symptoms should be tested.

What kind of people are at risk of diabetes?

In the past, people over the age of 50 were considered to be at risk for diabetes. Then it was said that people above 45 years of age can be allowed. But nowadays people above 30 years of age are also prone to diabetes. If there is diabetes in the family, if there is more weakness, then at least once a year a diabetes test must be done.

The changes in people's lifestyles after the Covid epidemic are also increasing the risk of diabetes. After covid, physical exercises from children to adults have decreased and children are also spending more time on laptops and mobile phones. Like in the past, cycling and participating in outdoor sports have disappeared. During the covid era, studying, playing, and entertaining were all on laptops and mobiles. Such physical inactivity also increases the risk of diabetes.

What is the risk of other diseases when having diabetes?

Half of people with diabetes have no symptoms. Diabetes causes health complications. Such complications may come after 5, 10, 15 years. Diabetes can cause problems in the heart, eyes, blood circulation in the legs and kidneys.

Diabetic patients are twice as likely to have heart attack and heart disease. It has been found that almost 90 percent of diabetic patients die due to heart disease. Moreover, the vision is worldwide Diabetes has also been found to be the cause of absence. It damages the retina of the eye, which leads to blindness.

Similarly, the risk of stroke in diabetic patients is 10 to 15 times higher and it also causes paralysis. Even now, diabetes is seen as the reason for having to amputate a leg after an accident. Similarly, diabetes is the main cause of kidney failure.

Something to note

Diabetes is normal, I can control it, I am told nothing happened. Most patients take medicine as soon as they get a little gastric. But instead of taking sugar medicine, there is a tradition that we should eat it and not talk about it. But this should not be done. Even if there are no bad symptoms, it weakens the person and sooner or later, complications can occur at any time. It causes dismemberment.

Most people think that obese people are more likely to develop diabetes. But people with more belly fat are more at risk of type 2 diabetes than fat-lean people. Therefore, more attention should be paid to losing weight than losing weight.

So don't despair if you get diabetes. Adjust your lifestyle, because this is a disease of lifestyle. Take medicine regularly. Consult a doctor on time. Get tested. Don't be careless because there are no symptoms. Raise children in a healthy manner.

Harmful chemicals in condoms increase cancer and infertility risk: study

 Harmful chemicals in condoms increase cancer and infertility risk: study

Condoms are often used for safe sex. Which is a good habit. It also reduces the risk of sexually transmitted diseases as well as other sexually transmitted diseases like HIV. Similarly, different types of lubricants are used to reduce irritation during sexual intercourse. But their use can also cause various problems. People who use condoms and lubricants may suffer from cancer and infertility.

Harmful chemicals in condoms and lubricants

A study was conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency, which found that many well-known brands of condoms and lubricants use harmful chemicals. According to the study, a group of 'PFS' 15,000 synthetic chemicals are used to make them. These chemicals have been confirmed to be found in many brands of ultra-thin condoms and jelly lubricants. PFS is commonly used in condoms to maintain their softness and fluidity.

Can be cancer

According to some studies done on 'PFS', its exposure also increases the risk of cancer. Sometimes it can cause testicular cancer as well as kidney cancer. Studies have shown that in some cases, its excessive use can cause problems related to infertility. Also, exposure to this chemical increases the risk of prostate cancer as well as breast cancer. It has been found that apart from endometrial cancer, it can also cause thyroid cancer.

Other harm caused by 'PFS'

Exposure to these chemicals in condoms and lubricants can cause various problems in both men and women.

According to experts, if condoms are used more than twice a week, the sensitivity of the inner layer and membrane of the vagina starts to lose gradually. As a result, the secretion of fluid from the vagina of a woman is reduced or completely stopped, which can cause pain or dryness in the vagina.

According to experts, exposure to PFS affects sperm count, which can lead to infertility. Exposure to 'PFS' can cause liver damage as well as thyroid problems.

This chemical can sometimes weaken the immune system and cause other problems as well.

Now there is no risk of HIV?

HIV positive was considered as a terrible infection. The disease, transmitted through unprotected sex with an infected person, was described as 'fatal'. Therefore, people used to fear that they might have HIV infection even when they get a common sexually transmitted disease.

Risk of disease while benefiting

Now we are the beneficiaries. You have become more interested. You have become fashionable. This has led to many health problems.

Car and motorcycle riders are now suffering from back pain. Because the position they take in bike riding, car driving, is very wrong. Prolonged exposure to such a position is the root of the problem.

In the car, sitting on the bike is the right position. In particular, it is better to sit comfortably in the seat with the spine straight. That doesn't mean you shouldn't bow down. All bending and kneeling should be done in the correct position.

We also sit in the same chair, in the same position for a long time in the office. Sitting like this is affecting our spinal cord as well as the internal organs of the body. We do not change our position as there is no immediate reaction. But, in time, that position starts to cause us problems.

The practice of wearing high heels is widespread now. High heels have become a must in formal wear. This has also led to the problem of back pain. Many now work on laptops. Watching movies, photos, videos, using Facebook is done on the laptop. Sitting in the same position for an hour with a laptop in your lap hurts your back and neck.

This problem is also seen in young children. According to doctors, children are now being brought to the hospital with neck pain. This problem has been seen in children who play games and watch videos on mobile phones and tablets.

Sitting, we feel very normal. But, there is a right position to sit. Often when we sit down, we sit down, bend over, bend over.

However, the backbone should be kept very straight. Due to this, the functioning inside our body can be done better. The heart, kidneys, digestive system, lungs can all work easily. Muscles are not affected. Blood flow is good. Because of this, we don't have any problem.

However, most of us Nepalis, i.e. 90 percent, do not come to life. Whether in an office chair, whether in a car, whether on a bike. Can't sit properly.

People in the army and the army stand in a straight position. The reason for this was not known before. Especially standing and sitting in that kind of position is a health-friendly style.

Our sleeping position is also not good. There is a correct position on how to sleep while sleeping. Sleeping in such a position does not affect blood flow, respiration, digestive process. But, we don't know that way of sleeping.

When we work in the office, we sit in the same position for hours, which brings physical complications. It doesn't matter what position you are in. This mistake can lead to problems later. When a problem arises, it takes a long time to improve. The treatment takes time, money.

No matter where you sit and work, do not sit in the same position for hours. Change position at most one hour. Take a walk around. Feel relaxed. Work comfortably. Keep rehearsing it until you can say it with conviction and confidence. Drink enough water. After drinking water, he also gets up to urinate.

Do you exercise When asked, many respond, I work all day, why exercise? . The illusion is that exercise is not necessary after work or physical activity. That is exercise. This is a misconception.

While working, not all parts of our body exercise in a balanced way. On the one hand, there is more pressure. There is stress. So while working, the body does not get the exercise it needs.

Exercise is a systematic action that moves the limbs of the body properly.

The root of the problem of nerve entrapment, bone loss, neck ache, back pain is our bad lifestyle. Our bad habit is sleeping, working. So the natural solution is a lifestyle change. You go to the hospital with the disease, but if you do not change your lifestyle, the process of going to the hospital will continue. That never ends.

So you have to pay attention to how to sleep, how to live, how to work. Don't bend over, don't bend, don't bend. But, you have to know how to bend down, how to bend.

1. Always sit with your back straight.

2. When sitting in a chair, car seat, or anywhere, the back of the hip and knee should fit in the chair.

3. Don't stay in one place for long. Take a break from time to time. Moving the body

4. When riding a car, do not lean too much, but sit straight in the seat. Do not allow the spine to contract even when riding a bike.

5. The position of kneeling, lying on the left side, sleeping on the crotch is not correct.

6. Sitting on your feet can also be fatal to your health.

Not only the lifestyle of today's people but also the nature of the disease has changed. These diseases did not exist in the past. Or the disease that our forefathers did not get is plaguing us.

Risk of high cholesterol

Cholesterol risk has become such a problem today that young people, middle-aged people, and the elderly need to be aware of it. It is a dangerous disease that has no pre-existing symptoms and can suddenly cause major problems. When the problem becomes so big then it can be difficult to handle. Therefore, measures can be taken to prevent such a problem before it arises.

To avoid cholesterol, you can plan step by step. With a little effort, you can find a solution to this dangerous problem.

Cholesterol is essential for the body

The important thing is that cholesterol is essential for the body. Cholesterol is a chemical compound that is needed for cell formation and hormones. When this cholesterol goes up then the body starts to ache. This increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and various arterial diseases.

How much cholesterol does the body need?

Cholesterol is of two types. Low-density lipoprotein or bad cholesterol (harmful cholesterol) accumulates in the arteries (blood vessels) and causes dangerous diseases.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is also known as good cholesterol. It works by taking the bad cholesterol in the body to the liver. So that such cholesterol goes out of the body.

The liver makes cholesterol

Our liver produces 80 percent of the body's cholesterol. For the remaining 20 percent, we depend on a daily diet. Meat, eggs, fish, poultry, and dairy products (milk, yogurt, ghee) are sources of cholesterol. Foods taken from tree plants do not contain any cholesterol.

The liver controls the amount of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is absorbed by the small intestine after each meal. Which is stored by the liver. When the body needs cholesterol, it is sent by the liver and removes unwanted cholesterol from the body. When the body stores excessive cholesterol.

When does it become dangerous for the body?

High cholesterol-raising foods increase the amount of LDL (bad cholesterol) in the body. This is called high cholesterol. If the body's LDL is too high and HDL is too low, cholesterol builds up in the blood cells. Cholesterol does not cause blood to flow properly in the body. It causes heart and brain problems. It can also be fatal.

How to detect signs of high cholesterol?

High cholesterol has no symptoms in itself. In most cases, it can appear suddenly. Sometimes it can be seen as a heart attack. As cholesterol builds up in your body, the blood vessels become smaller and the blood does not flow properly.

How to be vigilant?

Cholesterol can be detected by blood tests. It is believed that after the age of 20, you should have your blood tested every 4 to 6 years. If someone in your family has had high cholesterol problems before, you should check your cholesterol as soon as possible. People with high blood pressure, weight gain, and heavy smoking are also good for quick cholesterol testing.

Causes of high cholesterol

Diet: Eating too many fatty and dairy products can raise cholesterol. Eggs and meat-based foods are also factors in cholesterol.

Weight: Being overweight also causes cholesterol. Being overweight can also lead to high cholesterol.

Lack of physical activity: Lack of physical activity can also increase LDL i.e. bad cholesterol.

Age and gender: Age and gender also affect it. Cholesterol naturally rises in the human body after the age of 20. Cholesterol levels in men gradually decrease after the age of 50. While it is very rare in women until menopause.

Besides, some chronic diseases, such as having a person with high cholesterol in the family, can transmit hereditary traits, be affected by certain types of drugs, or even cause cholesterol problems due to smoking.