Showing posts with label and. Show all posts
Showing posts with label and. Show all posts

14 Questions and Answers about HPV Vaccine Against Cervical Cancer

 14 Questions and Answers about HPV Vaccine Against Cervical Cancer


What is the HPV vaccine?



The vaccine against cervical cancer is called the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.


Why get it?


– To prevent cervical cancer and other diseases caused by the HPV virus


– To prevent cervical cancer, which is the most common type of cancer in women


Who should get it?


– The younger the age, the better


– Most effective in the age group of 9 to 14


– Women can also get it as per the doctor's advice


Where is it available?


This vaccine can be given in private hospitals. Currently, the government is providing it free of charge through the vaccination program campaign.


Who is the free vaccine for?


– Girls from grades 6 to 10, and girls aged 10 to 14 if they do not go to school


When will the vaccination campaign start?


– It will run for 15 days from Magh 23 to Falgun 6.


Which company's vaccine is being given?


– Nepal is currently preparing to provide the Cicoline brand vaccine made in China.


How much should be administered?


– This vaccine is only given once.


How effective is this vaccine?


– It is claimed that this vaccine is 91 percent effective. It is 100 percent safe if administered before becoming sexually active.


Where can the vaccine be administered?


– It can be administered in government and private schools and nearby health institutions in all seven provinces.


Can it be administered individually?


– Women who are not covered by the vaccination campaign can go to a private hospital to get it.


How much does it cost?


– The price of the HPV vaccine in Nepal can range from 3,000 to 10,000 rupees in the private sector.


What happens if you don't get the vaccine?


– If you don't get the vaccine, you can get infected with the HPV virus and develop cervical cancer. Every year, 2,000 people die from cervical cancer in Nepal.


Isn't this vaccine for medical trials?


The HPV vaccine is a reliable vaccine being provided in Nepal under the cervical cancer prevention program in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization.


One dose of HPV vaccine is enough


The government gave free HPV vaccine to girls against cervical cancer in Bhadra last year. 10,000 girls who have completed 14 years and have not completed 15 years were given HPV vaccine from central hospitals in all seven provinces. At that time, the vaccine was given in two doses.


But in the nationwide vaccination campaign that will be launched from 22 Magh on the occasion of World Cancer Day, only one dose is being given.


The World Health Organization has recognized three vaccines against cervical cancer, out of which the vaccine being given in Nepal is of the Cicoline brand made in China. The Cicoline brand vaccine was given last Bhadra as well.


But why was the vaccine dose reduced this time?


Dr. Abhiyan Gautam, who is the head of the Child Health and Vaccination Branch, said that the dose of the vaccine was reduced on the recommendation of the new research, guidelines and the Vaccination Advisory Committee. “Research has shown that even one dose works completely,” Dr. Gautam said, “The antibodies that should be formed after vaccination are the ones that are needed to protect the body from the virus.” It turned out that one dose did not make a difference.’


In this campaign, a total of 1.688 million 768 people, including girls from grades 6 to 10 who do not go to school, including girls aged 10 to 14, will be vaccinated. A total of 1.77 million 20 vials of vaccine will be received from Gavi for that. So far, 1.5 million vials of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine used against cervical cancer have been received in three phases. The remaining two will arrive in a few days, according to the Department of Health Services.


The government is conducting a vaccination campaign from Magh 23 to protect girls from cervical cancer. The HPV vaccination campaign will run for 15 days (Magh 23 to Falgun 6). 18,900 schools have been designated as vaccination centers. 8,000 centers have been designated in health institutions other than schools.


Dr. Gautam said that 27,080 health workers, 54,160 volunteers, and 15,674 supervisors will be mobilized for the vaccination campaign. "We have planned to vaccinate girls at the school level from January," Gautam told Online News. "We also vaccinate children outside of school through health institutions."


The HPV virus is contagious and spreads easily. It is mainly transmitted through skin-to-skin contact.


According to doctors, the main reasons for the virus infection are getting married at a young age, having children at a young age, having many children, having children in a short period of time, having sex with many people, having unprotected sex, smoking and drinking a lot, and not paying attention to genital hygiene.


According to doctors, 80 percent of people are infected with HPV by the time they reach the age of 30 to 45. If women and men can get vaccinated before they come into contact with the HPV virus, it will give the best results. Because the vaccine prevents infection. But if the virus has already settled in the body, it cannot make it free from infection.


The HPV vaccine also protects against cervical cancer, anal cancer, throat and genital cancer. According to doctors, the HPV vaccine, if administered before sexual intercourse, provides 90 percent protection for life.


Doctors say that since HPV-related cancers may not show any symptoms in the early stages, vaccination and regular screening are necessary. Since the government is unable to easily provide the vaccine, private organizations have been importing and distributing the vaccine at their own expense. Therefore, women are forced to pay high fees for the vaccine.

Telegram, a cloud-based instant messaging app known for its speed, security, and versatility

 Telegram


Telegram! It's a cloud-based instant messaging app known for its speed, security, and versatility. Telegram offers features like:



1. **Chat and Messaging**:

   - Text messages, voice messages, and video messages.

   - End-to-end encrypted "Secret Chats."


2. **Media and File Sharing**:

   - Share files of up to 2GB in size (as of the latest updates).

   - Support for photos, videos, documents, and more.


3. **Groups and Channels**:

   - **Groups**: Can host up to 200,000 members, making them great for communities or team collaborations.

   - **Channels**: For broadcasting messages to an unlimited audience.


4. **Customization**:

   - Themes, stickers, and animated emojis.

   - Bots that automate tasks, games, and more.


5. **Cross-Platform Accessibility**:

   - Apps for iOS, Android, Windows, macOS, Linux, and web browsers.


6. **Advanced Features**:

   - Voice and video calls.

   - Scheduled messages and silent messages.

   - Polls, quizzes, and reactions.

   - Telegram Passport for identity verification.


Telegram is a comprehensive messaging platform designed to cater to personal, professional, and community communication needs. Here's a deeper dive into its features and capabilities:


---


### **1. Core Messaging Features**

- **Text Messaging**: Send messages with advanced formatting options like bold, italic, and monospace.

- **Multimedia Support**: Share photos, videos, GIFs, voice notes, and more.

- **Voice & Video Messages**: Quick, tap-to-record communication options.


---


### **2. Privacy and Security**

- **Secret Chats**: 

  - Messages are encrypted end-to-end.

  - Messages self-destruct after a specified time.

  - No forwarding or screenshots (on most devices).

- **Encryption**: Default cloud chats use client-server encryption, while secret chats use end-to-end encryption.

- **Privacy Controls**:

  - Hide your phone number.

  - Control who can see your online status, profile photo, and last seen.

  - Advanced blocking and reporting features.


---


### **3. Groups and Channels**

- **Groups**:

  - Up to 200,000 members.

  - Roles and permissions for admins.

  - Polls, quizzes, and pinned messages for engagement.

- **Channels**:

  - Ideal for broadcasting to unlimited subscribers.

  - No clutter from comments (unless enabled with discussion groups).

  - Analytics for monitoring audience growth and engagement.


---


### **4. Advanced File Sharing**

- File size limit: **2GB per file** (as of recent updates).

- Unlimited storage for shared files in the cloud.

- File types: Supports documents, PDFs, archives, audio, and more.


---


### **5. Bot Integration**

Telegram bots automate tasks, provide information, and enhance interactivity:

- Examples:

  - News updates.

  - Weather forecasts.

  - Games and quizzes.

- API for developers to create custom bots.


---


### **6. Voice and Video Capabilities**

- **Voice Chats**:

  - Group voice chats for casual or professional discussions.

  - Raise hand and mute/unmute features for organization.

- **Video Chats**:

  - One-on-one and group video calls.

  - Screen sharing during calls.


---


### **7. Cross-Platform and Sync**

- Access Telegram on multiple devices simultaneously.

- Messages are synced in real time across devices.

- Platforms supported:

  - iOS, Android, macOS, Windows, Linux, and web browsers.


---


### **8. Customization**

- **Themes**: Choose from built-in themes or create your own.

- **Stickers and Emojis**:

  - Animated and custom stickers.

  - User-uploaded sticker packs.

- **Scheduled and Silent Messages**:

  - Schedule messages to be sent later.

  - Silent messages without notifications.


---


### **9. Unique Features**

- **Username-Based Communication**:

  - Chat without sharing your phone number using usernames.

- **People Nearby**: Connect with Telegram users in your vicinity (optional and based on location sharing).

- **Unlimited Cloud Storage**:

  - Stores all messages, media, and files.

- **Multi-Pin and Archive**:

  - Pin multiple chats for quick access.

  - Archive chats to declutter your main screen.


---


### **10. Telegram Passport**

A service to store and securely share personal identification documents with trusted platforms.


---


### **11. Open Platform and API**

- **Open Source Code**: Telegram apps are partially open-source.

- **Telegram API**: Developers can create custom apps and integrations.

- **MTProto Protocol**: A secure and efficient protocol designed for Telegram.


---


### **12. Business Use Cases**

- Build communities and audiences with groups and channels.

- Automate customer support with bots.

- Share large files, announcements, or updates.


---


### **Why People Use Telegram**

- High speed and efficiency.

- Advanced privacy controls.

- Versatility in personal, group, and business contexts.

- Rich ecosystem of bots and integrations.


---


Telegram offers several avenues for monetization, both through channels and bots:


**Monetizing Telegram Channels:**


* **Advertising:**

    * **Direct Ads:** Sell ad space within your channel to businesses or individuals who want to reach your audience.

    * **Sponsored Posts:** Create sponsored posts promoting products or services relevant to your channel's niche.

* **Affiliate Marketing:**

    * **Promote Affiliate Links:** Share affiliate links within your channel and earn commissions on any sales generated through your referrals.

* **Paid Subscriptions:**

    * **Premium Content:** Offer exclusive content or features to paying subscribers.

    * **Membership Tiers:** Create different membership tiers with varying levels of access and benefits.

* **Sell Digital Products:**

    * **E-books, Courses, or Templates:** Directly sell digital products related to your channel's niche.


**Monetizing Telegram Bots:**


* **Develop and Sell Bots:**

    * **Create Custom Bots:** Develop bots that offer specific functionalities (e.g., customer service, e-commerce, games) and sell them to businesses or individuals.

* **Monetize Existing Bots:**

    * **In-App Purchases:** Offer premium features or virtual goods within your bot that users can purchase.

    * **Advertising:** Display ads within your bot's interface.

    * **Affiliate Marketing:** Integrate affiliate links within your bot's functionality.

* **Offer Bot Development Services:**

    * **Freelance Work:** Provide bot development services to businesses or individuals who need custom bots.


**Key Considerations:**


* **Audience Building:** Building a substantial and engaged audience is crucial for any monetization strategy.

* **Content Quality:** Deliver high-quality and valuable content to attract and retain your audience.

* **Transparency:** Be transparent with your audience about any sponsored content or paid promotions.

* **Compliance:** Adhere to Telegram's terms of service and any relevant regulations.


**Disclaimer:** Monetizing Telegram channels and bots requires effort, dedication, and a deep understanding of your target audience and the platform itself. There are no guarantees of income, and success depends on various factors, including the quality of your content, your audience engagement, and your chosen monetization strategies.


SEED Coin Bot 

The SEED Coin Bot on Telegram, accessible at [@seed_coin_bot](https://t.me/seed_coin_bot), is a tap-to-earn gaming platform that integrates social interaction with Web3 technology. Within this platform, users engage in a farming game where they plant virtual trees and collect SEED tokens ($SEED). The game is designed to be accessible and enjoyable for both casual users and gaming enthusiasts. 



**Key Features:**


- **Tap-to-Earn Gameplay**: Users participate in a farming simulation by planting virtual trees and harvesting SEED tokens. This simple interaction makes it easy for users to earn rewards with minimal time investment. 


- **Integration with Telegram**: Operating entirely within the Telegram app, the SEED Coin Bot offers seamless access without the need for additional downloads or installations. 


- **Community Engagement**: The platform fosters a community-driven environment, enhancing the gaming experience through social interactions among users. 


- **Cryptocurrency Earnings**: By participating in the game, users earn SEED tokens, which can potentially be traded or utilized within the broader cryptocurrency ecosystem. 


**Recent Developments:**


In early November 2024, SEED tokens were listed on the OKX Exchange, significantly increasing their exposure and accessibility to a broader audience. This listing has positioned SEED as a noteworthy token in the market, attracting attention from investors and gaming enthusiasts alike. 


**Getting Started:**


To begin earning with the SEED Coin Bot:


1. **Access the Bot**: Open Telegram and navigate to [@seed_coin_bot](https://t.me/seed_coin_bot).


2. **Start the Bot**: Click 'Start' to initiate interaction with the bot.


3. **Follow Instructions**: The bot will provide guidance on how to participate in the farming game and start earning SEED tokens.


Hamsterdam

Hamsterdam is a hyper-realistic 5D startup CEO simulator available as a Telegram bot. In this economic strategy game, players develop their own crypto startups, attract an audience of trusting users (referred to as "hamsters"), and compete with other startups for positions on the leaderboard. The game offers a satirical take on startup culture, blending humor with strategic gameplay. 



**Key Features:**


- **Startup Development:** Players create and manage their own crypto startups, allocating resources to various activities to attract and grow their user base.


- **Audience Building:** The goal is to attract "hamsters," representing trusting users, to your project, thereby increasing your startup's value and influence.


- **Resource Management:** Earn resources through gameplay and reinvest them to further develop your startup, simulating real-world economic strategies.


- **Competitive Leaderboard:** Compete with other players for top positions on the leaderboard, with recognition and rewards in TON cryptocurrency.


- **Seasonal Gameplay:** The game features seasons where startups divide resources among themselves, leading to new stages with different challenges and opportunities.


**Getting Started:**


1. **Access the Bot:** Open Telegram and navigate to [@HamsterdamPlayBot](https://t.me/HamsterdamPlayBot).


2. **Start the Bot:** Click 'Start' to begin interacting with the game.


3. **Follow Instructions:** The bot will guide you through setting up your startup and beginning your journey as a virtual CEO.


**Community and Support:**


- **Official Announcement Channel:** Stay updated with the latest news and updates by joining the [Hamsterdam Family](https://t.me/HamsterdamFamily) channel.


- **Community Chat:** Engage with other players, share strategies, and discuss the game in the [Hamsterdam Chat](https://t.me/HamsterdamChat).


TON Kombat


TON Kombat is a strategic arena game integrated into Telegram, uniting eight prominent projects from the TON ecosystem. Players select a house, engage in battles, and aim to dominate the leaderboard. 



**Key Features:**


- **Diverse Alliances:** Choose from eight houses, each with unique strengths:


  - **Attacker:**

    - *Hamster Kombat*: Known for lightning-fast speed.

    - *Tapswap*: Masters of strategic warfare.


  - **Defender:**

    - *Notcoin*: Brings great wisdom to the battlefield.

    - *Yescoin*: Commands immense wealth and resources.


  - **Balance:**

    - *Blum*: Wielding mysterious magic.

    - *Catizen*: Graceful and adaptable in all scenarios.


  - **Lucky:**

    - *Dogs*: Unwavering loyalty in battle.

    - *SEED*: Harnessing the power of nature.


- **Strategic Gameplay:** Engage in battles requiring tactical decisions, resource management, and alliance coordination.


- **TON Wallet Integration:** Seamlessly connect with TON Wallet for in-game transactions and rewards.


- **Referral Program:** Invite friends to earn $TON, enhancing community engagement.


- **Airdrops and Rewards:** Participate in events offering potential airdrops and exclusive rewards.


**Recent Developments:**


TON Kombat has attracted millions of users through its engaging gameplay and integration with the TON ecosystem. 


**Getting Started:**


1. **Access the Bot:** Open Telegram and search for [@Ton_kombat_bot](https://t.me/Ton_kombat_bot).


2. **Start the Game:** Click 'Start' to begin your journey.


3. **Choose a House:** Select an alliance that aligns with your strategic preferences.


4. **Engage in Battles:** Participate in arena battles, develop strategies, and climb the leaderboard.


**Community and Support:**


- **Official Channels:** Stay updated by joining the TON Kombat Telegram channel and following their social media profiles.

Simple Coin 

Simple Coin is a mini-app on Telegram designed to make earning, managing, and exploring digital currencies straightforward and engaging. By interacting with the bot, users can farm SMPL coins, providing an accessible entry point into the world of cryptocurrencies.



**Key Features:**


- **User-Friendly Interface:** The bot offers a simple tap-to-earn mechanism, allowing users to accumulate SMPL coins effortlessly.


- **Educational Experience:** Ideal for beginners, Simple Coin introduces users to cryptocurrency concepts in an interactive manner.


- **Seamless Integration:** As a Telegram mini-app, it requires no additional downloads, ensuring a smooth user experience.


**Getting Started:**


1. **Access the Bot:** Open Telegram and search for [@Simple_Tap_Bot](https://t.me/Simple_Tap_Bot).


2. **Start the Bot:** Click 'Start' to begin interacting.


3. **Earn SMPL Coins:** Follow the on-screen instructions to start farming SMPL coins through simple taps.


The Yescoin bot

The Yescoin bot is a Telegram-based game that allows users to earn cryptocurrency by simply swiping their fingers on the screen. It operates on the TON blockchain, a relatively new blockchain platform known for its speed and scalability.



**Key Features:**


* **Swipe-to-Earn Mechanism:** The core gameplay revolves around swiping the screen to collect virtual coins.

* **League System:** Players are placed in different leagues based on their performance, with higher leagues offering potentially greater rewards.

* **Daily Rewards:** Users can claim daily rewards to boost their earnings.

* **Referral System:** Players can invite friends to join the game and earn additional rewards based on their referrals' activities.

* **TON Blockchain Integration:** The earned coins are stored and managed on the TON blockchain, allowing users to interact with their digital assets directly within the Telegram environment.


**How to Play:**


1. **Access the Bot:** Search for "@theYescoin_bot" on Telegram and start the bot.

2. **Connect Your Wallet:** Connect a TON wallet (such as Tonkeeper) to the bot to manage your earned coins.

3. **Start Swiping:** Begin swiping the screen to collect coins and advance through the leagues.

4. **Claim Rewards:** Collect daily rewards and bonuses to maximize your earnings.


**Important Considerations:**


* **Virtual Currency:** The coins earned within the bot are cryptocurrency tokens on the TON blockchain, but their value can fluctuate.

* **Time Investment:** Consistent gameplay is often required to earn significant rewards.

* **Potential for Deception:** As with any online platform, exercise caution and be wary of scams or misleading information.


**Overall:**


The Yescoin bot offers a unique and engaging way to earn cryptocurrency while enjoying a casual game within the Telegram environment. It combines the simplicity of a swipe-based game with the potential for real-world value through cryptocurrency integration. However, it's essential to approach this and any similar platforms with a balanced perspective, understanding the potential risks and rewards involved.


**Disclaimer:** This information is for general knowledge and entertainment purposes only. It does not constitute financial, investment, or any other form of advice. Always conduct thorough research and exercise caution before engaging with any online platform or cryptocurrency-related activity.


BurgerBlastBot

The BurgerBlastBot is a Telegram-based game that allows users to earn cryptocurrency by participating in various in-game activities. 



**Key Features:**


* **Play-to-Earn Mechanism:** Users earn cryptocurrency, typically in the form of the bot's native token, by playing mini-games, completing quests, and engaging with other players.

* **In-Game Economy:** The earned tokens can be used within the bot's ecosystem to upgrade in-game items, purchase exclusive features, or participate in special events.

* **Community Aspect:** Many BurgerBlastBots foster a sense of community by allowing players to interact, compete, and collaborate with each other.

* **Blockchain Integration:** The earned cryptocurrency is often stored and managed on a blockchain, providing users with ownership and control over their digital assets.


**How to Play:**


1. **Access the Bot:** Search for the specific BurgerBlastBot (there may be variations) on Telegram and start the bot.

2. **Connect Your Wallet:** Connect a cryptocurrency wallet (compatible with the blockchain used by the bot) to manage your earnings.

3. **Engage in Gameplay:** Participate in various in-game activities, such as playing mini-games, completing quests, or interacting with other players.

4. **Earn and Manage Tokens:** Earn tokens through gameplay and manage them within your connected wallet.


**Important Considerations:**


* **Virtual Currency:** The cryptocurrency earned within the bot is subject to market fluctuations, and its value can change over time.

* **Time Investment:** Consistent gameplay is often required to earn significant rewards.

* **Potential for Deception:** As with any online platform, exercise caution and be wary of scams or misleading information.


**Overall:**


The BurgerBlastBot offers a unique blend of gaming and cryptocurrency, allowing players to earn rewards while enjoying an interactive experience within the Telegram environment. However, it's crucial to approach this and similar platforms with a balanced perspective, understanding the potential risks and rewards involved.


**Disclaimer:** This information is for general knowledge and entertainment purposes only. It does not constitute financial, investment, or any other form of advice. Always conduct thorough research and exercise caution before engaging with any online platform or cryptocurrency-related activity.

HumanPass bot

The HumanPass bot is a Telegram bot that facilitates user authentication using behavioral biometrics. 



**Key Features:**


* **Behavior-Based Authentication:** Instead of traditional passwords or biometrics like fingerprints, HumanPass analyzes users' typing patterns, mouse movements, and other behavioral cues to verify their identity.

* **Enhanced Security:** This approach offers a more robust security measure compared to traditional methods, as it is harder to replicate someone's unique behavioral patterns.

* **User-Friendly:** The authentication process is typically seamless and unobtrusive for users.

* **Telegram Integration:** The bot leverages the Telegram platform for convenient and secure communication.


**How it Works:**


1. **Enrollment:** Users enroll with the HumanPass bot by interacting with it in a specific way, allowing the bot to learn their unique behavioral patterns.

2. **Authentication:** During authentication, the bot analyzes the user's interactions (e.g., typing speed, keystroke dynamics, mouse movements) and compares them with the previously learned patterns.

3. **Verification:** If the patterns match, the bot verifies the user's identity. If not, it may deny access or request further verification steps.


**Potential Use Cases:**


* **Account Security:** Enhance the security of online accounts by adding an extra layer of behavioral authentication.

* **Two-Factor Authentication (2FA):** Integrate with existing 2FA systems to provide a more robust and user-friendly authentication experience.

* **Fraud Prevention:** Help prevent unauthorized access to accounts and detect fraudulent activities.


**Important Considerations:**


* **Accuracy:** The accuracy of behavioral biometrics can be influenced by factors like user fatigue, distractions, and changes in behavior over time.

* **Privacy:** While behavior-based authentication can be more private than some traditional methods, it's crucial to ensure user data is collected and used responsibly.


**Overall:**


The HumanPass bot demonstrates the potential of behavioral biometrics for enhancing online security. By analyzing user behavior, it offers a more robust and user-friendly alternative to traditional authentication methods. However, it's important to consider the potential limitations and privacy implications associated with this technology.


**Disclaimer:** This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial, investment, or any other form of advice. Always conduct thorough research and exercise caution when dealing with any online platform or security-related services.


TapCoins bot


The TapCoins bot is a Telegram bot that allows users to play a tap-to-earn game. Players earn virtual gold coins by completing various tasks, including quizzes, social interactions, and simply tapping the screen. These virtual coins can then be redeemed for real-world rewards.




**Key Features:**


* **Tap-to-Earn Mechanics:** The core gameplay involves tapping the screen repeatedly to accumulate virtual gold coins.

* **Daily Bounties:** Players can claim daily bounty cards and use lucky codes to enhance their earnings and gameplay experience.

* **Quizzes and Social Tasks:** Engaging in quizzes and completing social tasks can also reward players with virtual coins.

* **Reward Redemption:** Once players accumulate enough virtual coins, they can redeem them for real-world rewards through various methods.


**Disclaimer:**


* **Potential Risks:** As with any app that offers rewards, it's essential to research and understand the terms of service and any potential risks associated with using the TapCoins app bot.

* **Evolving Nature:** The specific features and functionalities of the TapCoins app bot may change over time.


**To find the most up-to-date information:**


* **Check the Official Channels:** Look for official announcements and instructions on the TapCoins Telegram channel or other official communication platforms.

* **Consult Online Reviews:** Research the TapCoins app bot on reputable online platforms and forums to gather user experiences and insights.


**Remember:** Proceed with caution and conduct thorough research before engaging with any app that involves earning rewards or exchanging virtual currency.


Zoo Story Bot


The Zoo Story Telegram bot is part of an airdrop campaign for the $ZOO token, built on the TON blockchain. 



**Key Features**


* **Game-Based Airdrop:** Users participate in a virtual zoo management game where they acquire animals, upgrade enclosures, and earn $ZOO tokens.

* **Community Building:** The bot encourages community interaction through features like alliances and shared tasks.

* **Potential Rewards:** Successful participation in the game can potentially reward users with $ZOO tokens.


**Disclaimer**


* **Airdrop Risks:** As with any airdrop, there's inherent risk involved. Thorough research is crucial before participating.

* **Evolving Nature:** The specific features and functionalities of the bot might change over time.


**Finding More Information**


* **Official Channels:** Check the official Telegram channels and announcements for the latest updates and instructions.

* **Reliable Crypto Resources:** Research the $ZOO token and the airdrop on reputable cryptocurrency news sites and forums.


**Remember**


Proceed with caution and conduct thorough research before engaging in any cryptocurrency-related activities, including airdrops.



Why and how is YouTube a threat to television channels?

 Why and how is YouTube a threat to television channels?


Last July was a good month for YouTube, as for the first time in the US, people spent more time on YouTube than watching TV or movies.



As a result, YouTube even surpassed OTT platforms such as Disney, Paramount, Fox Channel, Netflix and Amazon. However, a few months later, YouTube fell to second place, behind Disney and DC platforms.


In fact, YouTube’s popularity is growing worldwide. In the UK, 50 percent of people aged 16 to 24 prefer to watch YouTube instead of watching television programs.


Has YouTube completely overtaken TV channels?


According to Mark Bergen, a Bloomberg technology journalist and author of the book about YouTube, Like, Comment and Subscribe: YouTube’s Chaotic Rise to World Domination, about three billion people watch YouTube every month in the world. Most of them are between the ages of 25 and 35. That is, they are younger than the main TV audience. It is now available on apps, video game consoles and smart TVs.


He says YouTube has become the most popular online platform and the biggest way for advertising companies to reach people. It is the largest catalog of videos. People can search and watch different things on YouTube.


YouTube launched in 2005


The online video sharing and streaming platform YouTube was launched in 2005. The first video uploaded to it was just 19 seconds long, which its co-founder recorded while walking around the San Diego Zoo in California.


Google bought YouTube for $1.65 billion a year after its founding. YouTube is most viewed in India, where about 400 million people watch YouTube.


According to Mark Bergen, in many new emerging markets such as Brazil and Indonesia, YouTube has not only replaced TV channels, but has also become the main source of entertainment and news there.


YouTube Los Angeles Headquarters


According to Mark Bergen, YouTube has evolved in three phases.


“A former YouTube executive told me that the company’s mantra was ‘Challenge, Joke, or Truth?’” He says. At first, the entertainment industry and advertising companies didn’t take YouTube seriously.


Then came YouTube’s second phase, where it became a threat to Hollywood, the TV industry, Netflix, and Amazon. It started making its own original shows and charging subscribers like Netflix.


According to Bergen, YouTube started making original and expensive content in 2016. However, it couldn’t compete with the investment of companies like Netflix and closed this department in 2022. Now, in this new phase, YouTube has consolidated its position.


Mark Bergen says that people now use YouTube as a utility platform. For example, people use YouTube videos to watch cooking recipes or repair something.


People can easily find most of the videos they need on YouTube. YouTube has its own celebrities whose popularity is no less than that of Hollywood actors.


Mr. Beast, a 26-year-old content creator, whose YouTube channel surpassed Indian music channel T-Series in June. He has 320 million subscribers. So YouTube has proven that anyone can become a star.


YouTube and its famous content creators earn a lot of money from advertising. When an advertisement appears on a video uploaded to the channel, they earn money.


Mark Bergen says: Advertising companies pay YouTube to broadcast their ads, and YouTube keeps 45% of that amount and gives the rest to the respective YouTube channels or three content creators. When YouTube adopted this model in 2007, it was a very new and risky idea. But that same model has proven to be one of the main reasons for YouTube's success.


With the exception of a few services, most of YouTube's services are free. According to Mark Bergen, YouTube is experiencing so many videos that it has become a challenge to regulate them.


YouTube Content Monitoring


Content Creator Mr. Beast


Chris Stokel-Walker, a journalist and author of the book How YouTube Shook Up TV and Created a New Generation of Stars, explains that YouTube is excluded from the legal framework that many TV broadcasters have to operate under.


This means that the strict editorial rules that apply to TV networks do not apply to YouTube content.


To understand this, we need to go back in history. Many years before YouTube arrived, in 1996, the US Department of Information and Communications Technology amended the Communications Decency Act (CDA) to add Section 230, which was designed to give tech companies a boost.


The aim was to protect these companies from potential lawsuits because they did not have enough people or resources to monitor the content that was being broadcast on their platforms.


Chris Stokel-Walker says: This law meant that these companies only broadcast user-generated content, but they don't take responsibility for it. Nor do they have to pay for it.


There is a responsibility to review each piece of content.


But now, people who upload offensive content or make offensive comments on YouTube can be prosecuted. Today, technology companies are making billions of dollars, and they still maintain legal protections.


According to Chris Stokel-Walker, these companies have been taking advantage of this exception for twenty years, and only now are we starting to think about the consequences. Now, copyright and other legal provisions are being applied to determine the liability of companies like YouTube.


In 2019, Google and YouTube were sued for collecting data from children under the age of 13 without their parents' consent. In that case, the companies had to pay $170 million.


According to Chris Stokel-Walker, these companies are spread around the world and are not subject to the jurisdiction of any one country. However, in many places they are also under government surveillance.


For example, YouTube has been banned or criticized in many countries in the Middle East because it contains videos that involve sex, sexual violence, and drug use, which are not as controversial in Western countries. However, these contents are against the culture of Middle Eastern countries.


Recently, the European Union has implemented two new legal provisions to ensure online safety and control anti-competitive behavior of technology companies. However, the implementation of these legal provisions is problematic because of the large amount of content uploaded to YouTube.


According to one statistic, 500 hours of content are uploaded to YouTube every minute. This creates many difficulties in monitoring.


YouTube has its own rules and guidelines that clearly state what kind of content can and cannot be uploaded. For example, hate speech and offensive comments are prohibited, and users who do not follow these rules are warned or even banned.


YouTube also blocks ads on such content, which means that the creators of that content do not earn money.


Is TikTok a challenge for YouTube?


TikTok


Earlier, the TV industry could not consider YouTube as its competitor. But now, YouTube has become a powerful competitor not only for TV channels but also for Hollywood, Netflix and Disney.


YouTube's biggest advantage is that it has user-generated content, where users do not need to think about what will be trending or popular.


On the other hand, TV companies and OTT platforms have to think about this deeply, because they have to invest a lot of money in their content. This takes time, and sometimes the content may not be popular with the audience. But for YouTube, this is not a problem. On the other hand, YouTube also knows very well what content viewers are watching on its platform.


Netflix or other traditional television channels only create content. But YouTube knows what we have watched or liked in recent days and based on that, shows ads on YouTube or recommends similar videos to watch. That is why YouTube is more connected to the audience than other streaming platforms and traditional TV.


But one of YouTube's weaknesses is that it doesn't make big-budget videos like other channels and doesn't broadcast big sporting events. TV and streaming platforms also want to take advantage of YouTube's reach.


For example, when TV channels and streaming platforms launch new shows, they use YouTube to promote them.


YouTube doesn't see a threat from traditional TV, but it is also concerned about the growing popularity of TikTok, a video-sharing app that also features user-generated content. Because TikTok is competing with YouTube.


TikTok really knows how to entertain people. People spend hours watching videos on TikTok.


In fact, all platforms now want to attract user attention, and apps like TikTok can challenge YouTube. However, YouTube has so much variety and interesting content that no one can shake its leading position in the current market.


The mantra


YouTube


According to Dr. Marlene Komorowski, a professor of European media markets at the University of Brussels, YouTube is once again focusing more on advertising and content creators, which was its original mantra.


It has started placing more ads on YouTube channels. Last year, YouTube earned $31.5 billion from advertising, which is 10 percent more than its parent company Google.


According to Komorowski, YouTube has achieved great success and has established its dominance in various markets around the world. Just as the Disney Channel invests heavily in content production, YouTube is also investing heavily in content production. YouTube has spent $20 billion worldwide on content production, which is a huge amount.


YouTube's main goal is to The goal is to attract the attention of the audience and being part of Google helps it a lot in bringing new features to its platform.


According to Dr. Marlin Komorowski, with the help of Google, YouTube brings useful features to its content creators on its channels. It automatically translates the videos uploaded to it and adds subtitles to their videos. Google is developing this AI to help its creators.


Considering the competition with TikTok, YouTube has included the Shorts feature, which is a video shorter than a minute. Shorts is really giving TikTok a run for its money.


Such a short video format feature is also available on Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram.


According to experts, Google keeps bringing new features and products by considering what other competing platforms are doing, which are becoming very popular and successful.


There was a time when Facebook seemed to be very powerful. But now TikTok has made a strong presence in the social media market, which has a lot of very young users. On the other hand, Facebook and YouTube users are a bit more mature than Tiktok.


Now let's get back to the main question: Has YouTube completely defeated TV channels? In fact, YouTube has closed its original content creation department. But this does not mean that TV channels are less threatened by it. In fact, YouTube has posed a big challenge to TV channels by focusing more on user-generated content. Watching YouTube every day has become a daily routine for millions of people. Advertisements have increased YouTube's income and it is increasing its investment in content creation. YouTube's content is always available on the Internet. Due to which people have started watching YouTube more than TV.


Winter joint pain problems and remedies

 Winter joint pain problems and remedies


There is a special relationship between winter and joint pain. In winter, when the temperature drops, the muscles start to stretch. As a result, the veins around the joints begin to swell. It increases stiffness and pain in the joints. Especially those who have problems with joints or joints, the pain increases more than before in winter.


Most people relax more in winter. This reduces physical activity. As the days are shorter and the nights are longer, the lifestyle changes. Therefore, our eating habits also change. We also reduce exercise. Therefore, the problem of joint pain increases.






Reasons why joint pain increases in winter


Due to the low atmospheric pressure in the winter season, swelling of the joints and muscles is a problem. Therefore, joint pain also increases.





In winter, when the air pressure is low, the fluid in the joints starts to thicken, due to which the problem of joint pain increases. Due to the problem of joint pain, it is difficult to get up, sit and even do daily work. In the winter season, the temperature starts to decrease. As a result, the blood vessels of the body begin to shrink and the flow of blood slows down. In this case, the problem of joint pain is more.


People who already have rheumatic problems also suffer from joint pain in winter season. In the cold season, the amount of vitamin D in the body is reduced due to the shortness of the sunlight, which increases the pain in the bones and joints.


Not paying attention to diet and lack of calcium in food can also cause joint pain in winter.


Avoidance


Special attention should be paid to certain things to avoid cold and joint pain. The first thing is to keep the body warm. Warm clothes should be worn and the heater should warm the room.


To avoid joint pain in winter season, you should keep yourself active and make time for daily exercise. If you can't go out, you can do yoga and light exercise at home. Doing this will reduce the problem of joint pain.


The problem of joint pain in winter may also be due to lack of vitamin D. In such a situation, you should sit in the sun for some time every day to make up for its deficiency. Also, you should include foods rich in vitamin D in your diet, such as mushrooms, eggs, fish, etc.


Foods rich in calcium help to keep the body healthy. Bone pain occurs due to lack of calcium in the body. Therefore, calcium-rich foods such as milk, cheese made from milk, broccoli, salmon, spinach, rajma, almonds, tofu, etc. should be consumed in abundance.


In winter, hot water bags can also reduce the pain. It relaxes the joints. Hot oil massage also relieves pain.


Due to the low temperature in winter, people feel less thirsty, so many people do not drink enough water. In such a situation, if you drink less water, the fluid cannot flow properly in the joints and the problem is joint pain. In this case, drinking plenty of water in winter can prevent joint pain.


If there is a problem of joint pain in the elderly, the process of going up and down the stairs should be reduced. Do not go for morning walk in very cold weather. Normal exercises should be done at home.


If the joint pain does not subside even after paying attention to the above, it may be due to other bone and nerve diseases. Therefore, you should consult the relevant doctor.


Emerging Issues and Challenges of Ageing

 Emerging Issues and Challenges of Ageing


### Unit III: Emerging Issues and Challenges of Ageing (6 hours)


This unit addresses the current and emerging issues related to ageing, focusing on the challenges of an ageing population, abuse and violence against older people, and new research agendas on ageing. It explores the complexities that come with an increasing elderly population and highlights the need for thoughtful policy responses and social awareness. Below is a detailed explanation of each section in this unit.



---


### **A. Challenges of an Ageing Population**


1. **Global Population Ageing**

   - According to the **WHO's Active Ageing: A Policy Framework (2012)**, population ageing is one of the most significant demographic trends of the 21st century. By 2050, the number of older people globally is expected to surpass the number of children, creating unprecedented social, economic, and political challenges. 

   - The transition to an ageing society presents challenges in terms of providing adequate healthcare, pension systems, social services, and infrastructure. Older adults require specific care services, which are often lacking, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal.

   

2. **Economic Implications**

   - An ageing population can strain a country’s economic resources. The **Parker & Pant (2009)** study on "Ageing in Nepal: Emerging Issues and Challenges" highlights that in Nepal, a majority of older adults depend on their families for economic support. However, with increased migration of the younger population and the erosion of traditional family support structures, this dependency becomes a significant challenge. Older people may find themselves in poverty, without adequate financial resources or social security systems.

   

3. **Healthcare Needs**

   - The ageing population has unique healthcare needs, including management of chronic diseases, access to specialized geriatric care, and mental health services. However, many developing countries, including Nepal, lack sufficient infrastructure and medical personnel trained to address these needs. This leads to gaps in care, making it difficult for older persons to receive the appropriate health interventions they require.


---


### **B. Abuse and Violence Against Older People**


1. **Elder Abuse in Nepal**

   - Elder abuse, a growing concern globally, is also a significant issue in Nepal. Abuse may take various forms, including physical, emotional, financial, and neglect. According to the **Geriatric Centre Nepal (2010)** report, cases of elder abuse are often underreported due to the stigma associated with disclosing abuse, as well as the reliance on family members for care. The **baseline study on elder abuse in the Nepali press** highlighted that elder abuse is often perpetrated by family members, caregivers, or close acquaintances, making it difficult for victims to seek help.

   

2. **Types of Abuse**

   - **Ageing Nepal (2011)** documented cases of elder abuse and neglect between 2009 and 2011. The study found that financial exploitation was one of the most common forms of abuse, with many older adults being denied their financial rights by family members or others. Physical and emotional abuse were also frequently reported, often stemming from social and economic tensions within families.

   

3. **Addressing Elder Abuse**

   - To combat elder abuse, both policy interventions and public awareness are necessary. There needs to be stronger enforcement of existing laws and regulations, such as Nepal’s **Senior Citizens Act (2007)**, which provides legal protection for older adults. Additionally, social support systems must be strengthened to provide alternative care options for older people who are vulnerable to abuse within their families.


---


### **C. New Research Agendas on Ageing**


1. **UN Research Agenda on Ageing for the 21st Century**

   - The **UN Programme on Ageing (2007)** outlined the **Research Agenda on Ageing for the 21st Century**, a joint initiative of the United Nations Programme on Ageing and the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG). The agenda highlights key areas where further research is needed to address the complex issues associated with an ageing population.

   - The main objectives of this research agenda include:

     - Understanding the diverse experiences of ageing in different cultural and socio-economic contexts.

     - Examining the effects of social and economic policies on the well-being of older adults.

     - Investigating the impact of migration and globalization on the ageing process.

     - Promoting age-friendly environments and addressing social isolation among the elderly.

   

2. **Emerging Research Topics**

   - **Intergenerational Relations**: As families change due to migration and modernization, research is needed on how these shifts affect relationships between generations. In many societies, older adults rely on their children for economic and emotional support, but with the younger generation moving away for employment, these traditional support systems are being strained.

   - **Technology and Ageing**: The role of technology in improving the lives of older persons is another emerging area of research. Access to technology can help older adults stay connected with family members, access healthcare services remotely, and manage daily tasks. However, there is a growing digital divide, particularly in developing countries like Nepal, where many older adults may not have access to or familiarity with technology.

   - **Gender and Ageing**: Research has shown that the experience of ageing can differ significantly between men and women. Older women, in particular, may face greater challenges due to longer life expectancy, economic dependency, and gender-based discrimination. Studies like those in the UN research agenda emphasize the need to understand the gendered dimensions of ageing and formulate policies that address these inequalities.


---


### **Conclusion**


Unit III on "Emerging Issues and Challenges of Ageing" provides an essential understanding of the complexities surrounding an ageing population. From the challenges of healthcare and economic dependency to the critical issue of elder abuse, this unit emphasizes the urgent need for policy interventions and social support systems that cater to the unique needs of older adults.


The international research agenda highlights that more academic work is needed to address these emerging issues, focusing on intergenerational relations, gender dimensions of ageing, and the potential of technology to improve the quality of life for the elderly.


---


### Key Readings:


1. **Challenges of Ageing Population**:

   - **WHO (2012)**. Active ageing: A policy framework. pp. 33-43.

   - **Parker, S., & Pant, B. (2009)**. Ageing in Nepal: Emerging Issues and Challenges.


2. **Abuse and Violence Against Older People**:

   - **Geriatric Centre Nepal (2010)**. A baseline study on reported cases of elder abuse in Nepali press.

   - **Ageing Nepal (2011)**. Cases of elder abuse and neglect 2009-2011.


3. **New Research Agendas on Ageing**:

   - **UN Programme on Ageing (2007)**. Research agenda on ageing for the 21st century, a joint project of the United Nations Programme on Ageing and the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics.

Legal Frameworks and Implementations

Legal Frameworks and Implementations


 ### Unit II: Legal Frameworks and Implementations (12 hours)


This unit covers the international and national legal frameworks related to ageing and their implementations. It also examines the status of older people and the social perception of ageing, with a particular focus on Nepal. Below is a detailed analysis of each section.



---


### **A. International Conferences and Legal Frameworks**


1. **First World Assembly on Ageing (Vienna, 1982)**

   - The **First World Assembly on Ageing** was convened in Vienna in 1982, marking the first time the global community came together to address the ageing population. The assembly emphasized the need for international cooperation to ensure the well-being of older people, focusing on areas such as health, housing, and social welfare. The assembly adopted the **Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing**, which laid down recommendations for enhancing the lives of older persons worldwide. 

   - This action plan encouraged countries to develop national policies focusing on ageing and integrate older persons into society, advocating for their health care and income security.


2. **United Nations Principles for Older Persons (1991)**

   - Adopted by the **UN General Assembly** in 1991, these principles outline five key areas where older persons should have rights:

     - **Independence**: Older persons should have access to income, healthcare, and work opportunities.

     - **Participation**: Older persons should remain integrated into society and participate in decision-making.

     - **Care**: Older persons should have access to social, legal, and healthcare services.

     - **Self-fulfillment**: They should be able to pursue personal growth.

     - **Dignity**: Their rights and freedoms should be respected.

   - These principles provided a framework for national governments to formulate policies aimed at improving the quality of life for older persons.


3. **Year of Older Persons (1999)**

   - The **United Nations International Year of Older Persons** was declared in 1999, bringing attention to the contributions and challenges of ageing populations. It aimed to promote awareness about the issues older adults face and called for a global focus on improving their quality of life.


4. **Second World Assembly on Ageing (Madrid, 2002) & Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA)**

   - The **Second World Assembly on Ageing** took place in Madrid in 2002. It built upon the Vienna Plan of Action and launched the **Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA)**, a comprehensive global policy framework aimed at addressing the challenges of an ageing population. MIPAA focused on three priority areas:

     - **Older persons and development**: Promoting the integration of older persons in society.

     - **Advancing health and well-being**: Improving access to healthcare and social services.

     - **Ensuring supportive environments**: Advocating for age-friendly housing and infrastructure.

   - MIPAA emphasized the importance of incorporating ageing into development policies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.


5. **UN Resolution on the Rights of Older People (2011)**

   - In 2011, the **UN General Assembly** adopted a resolution calling for the recognition of the rights of older persons. It aimed to protect older adults from discrimination and violence and stressed the need for comprehensive legal protections at both national and international levels.

   - The resolution also called for governments to ensure that older persons have equal access to employment, social protection, and healthcare.


6. **Review of MIPAA (2012)**

   - The **MIPAA Review (2012)** assessed the progress made since the adoption of the Madrid Plan of Action. The review highlighted some of the achievements in implementing ageing-related policies but also pointed out the need for more robust efforts, particularly in addressing the vulnerabilities of older persons in developing countries.


---


### **B. National Plans and Acts on Ageing in Nepal**


1. **National Action Plan for Senior Citizens (2006)**

   - Nepal's **National Action Plan for Senior Citizens (2006)** was formulated to address the growing needs of the elderly population in Nepal. It aligns with global frameworks such as MIPAA and aims to improve the well-being of older persons by enhancing their access to social services, health care, and legal protections.

   - The plan focuses on key areas such as:

     - Establishing old-age homes and day-care centers.

     - Providing healthcare services tailored to the needs of older people.

     - Supporting income-generating activities for senior citizens.

     - Promoting the participation of older persons in social and political life.


2. **Senior Citizens Act (2007) and Senior Citizens Regulation (2009)**

   - The **Senior Citizens Act (2007)** marked a significant legal step in protecting the rights and welfare of older people in Nepal. The act provides a legal framework for the establishment of care homes, social security measures (such as pensions), and special concessions for senior citizens.

   - The **Senior Citizens Regulation (2009)** builds upon the act, specifying the rights of older persons and outlining the responsibilities of the government in providing support and services. The regulation mandates that public transport and healthcare services offer discounts and prioritization for elderly individuals.


---


### **C. Status of Older People in Nepal**


1. **Demographic Overview**

   - The elderly population in Nepal is growing due to an increase in life expectancy and a decline in fertility rates. According to **Ageing Nepal and CDPS (2012)**, older persons face several challenges, including limited access to healthcare, inadequate social protection, and dependence on family members for care. 

   - Nepal's socio-economic structure is still largely family-based, and elderly individuals often live with their children. However, this traditional support system is eroding due to migration, urbanization, and changing family dynamics.


2. **Challenges in Health and Social Care**

   - A joint study by **Ageing Nepal and CDPS (2012)** highlights that Nepal's healthcare infrastructure is not well-equipped to handle the specific needs of its ageing population. The study recommends piloting community-based care programs and improving access to geriatric services.


---


### **D. Social Perception of Ageing in Nepal**


1. **Cultural Views on Ageing**

   - In Nepal, ageing is traditionally viewed as a respected stage of life. Older people are often seen as the custodians of cultural and religious values, and respect for elders is an integral part of societal norms.

   - However, **Uprety (2010)** and other studies indicate that this respect is not always accompanied by adequate social and economic support. Some elderly people face neglect, particularly as family structures change due to modernization and migration.


2. **Work and Dependency**

   - **Beall and Goldstein (1982)** examined the work and dependency of older Sherpas in Nepal, highlighting that older people continue to contribute to their households even as they age. However, with increasing economic pressures and migration of younger family members, many elderly individuals are left without sufficient support.


3. **Elderly Homes and Social Isolation**

   - According to **Acharya (2008)**, there has been a growing trend in the establishment of elderly homes in Nepal. While these homes provide necessary shelter and care, they often lead to the social isolation of older persons, who are separated from their families and communities. The study suggests that the rise of elderly homes reflects the changing social fabric of Nepalese society, where traditional family support structures are weakening.


---


### Key Readings:


1. **International Frameworks**:

   - **UN (1982)**. Report of the world assembly on ageing, Vienna, 26 July to 6 August 1982.

   - **UN (2002)**. Political declaration and Madrid International Plan of Action and Ageing, Second World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, Spain.

   - **UN Resolution on Rights of Older People (2011)**.


2. **National Plans and Acts**:

   - **Parker, S., & Pant, B. (2011)**. Longevity in Nepal: Health, policy and service provision challenges.

   - **Senior Citizens Act (2007)** and **Senior Citizens Regulation (2009)**.


3. **Status of Older People in Nepal**:

   - **Ageing Nepal and CDPS (2012)**. Health and social care needs assessment of elderly.

   - **Uprety, L.P. (2010)**. Effectiveness of non-contributory social pension in Nepal.

   - **Acharya, Pradeep (2008)**. Senior citizens and elderly homes: A survey from Kathmandu.


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This unit provides a comprehensive understanding of the legal frameworks and the status of older persons both globally and in Nepal. By studying the international conferences, national action plans, and acts related to ageing, students gain insights into how various policies shape the lives of older persons. Additionally, understanding the social perception of ageing in Nepal is essential for analyzing the cultural and structural challenges faced by older people in a rapidly changing society.


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