Theories of Social Change and Development

Theories of Social Change and Development

There are many theories of social change and development, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most common theories include:

Evolutionary theory: This theory argues that societies progress through a series of stages, from simple to complex. Each stage is characterized by a different level of technological development, social organization, and cultural values.

Functionalist theory:This theory  argues that societies are made up of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function. Social change occurs when one or more of these parts changes, and the other parts must adapt to the change in order for the society to continue functioning.

Conflict theory: This theory argues that societies are divided into groups with different interests, and that social change occurs as a result of conflict between these groups. Conflict can be caused by a variety of factors, such as economic inequality, political oppression, or cultural differences.

These are just a few of the many theories of social change and development. Each theory has its own strengths and weaknesses, and no single theory can fully explain the complex process of social change.

Here are some examples of social change:

The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid social change that began in the late 18th century. It was characterized by the development of new technologies, such as the steam engine, which led to the growth of factories and cities.

The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was a period of social change that began in the 1950s. It was a struggle for African Americans to achieve equal rights, such as the right to vote and the right to use public facilities.

The Women's Rights Movement is a social movement that has been ongoing for centuries. It is a struggle for women to achieve equal rights, such as the right to vote and the right to equal pay for equal work.

Social change can be both positive and negative. Positive social change can lead to improvements in people's lives, such as better health, education, and economic opportunities. Negative social change can lead to problems such as poverty, crime, and social unrest.

It is important to understand the different theories of social change in order to be able to effectively address the challenges and opportunities that social change presents.

Social change & its different theories?  

Social change is a complex phenomenon that has been studied by sociologists and other social scientists for centuries. There are many different theories of social change, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most common theories of social change include:

Evolutionary theory: This theory argues that societies progress through a series of stages, from simple to complex. Each stage is characterized by a different level of technological development, social organization, and cultural values.

Functionalist theory: This theory argues that societies are made up of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function. Social change occurs when one or more of these parts changes, and the other parts must adapt to the change in order for the society to continue functioning.

Conflict theory: This theory argues that societies are divided into groups with different interests, and that social change occurs as a result of conflict between these groups. Conflict can be caused by a variety of factors, such as economic inequality, political oppression, or cultural differences.

These are just a few of the many theories of social change. Each theory has its own strengths and weaknesses, and no single theory can fully explain the complex process of social change.

Social change can be both positive and negative. Positive social change can lead to improvements in people's lives, such as better health, education, and economic opportunities. Negative social change can lead to problems such as poverty, crime, and social unrest.

It is important to understand the different theories of social change in order to be able to effectively address the challenges and opportunities that social change presents.

Evolutionary Theory

Evolutionary theory is one of the oldest and most influential theories of social change. It was first developed by the 19th century sociologist Herbert Spencer, who argued that societies progress through a series of stages, from simple to complex. Each stage is characterized by a different level of technological development, social organization, and cultural values.

Spencer's theory was based on the idea of natural selection, which is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Spencer argued that societies are also subject to natural selection, and that the societies that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and prosper.

Evolutionary theory has been criticized for being too simplistic and deterministic. It has also been criticized for being ethnocentric, as it assumes that Western societies are the most advanced societies.

Functionalist Theory

Functionalist theory is another important theory of social change. It was first developed by the 19th century sociologist Émile Durkheim, who argued that societies are made up of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function. Social change occurs when one or more of these parts changes, and the other parts must adapt to the change in order for the society to continue functioning.

Durkheim's theory was based on the idea of social cohesion, which is the degree to which the members of a society are united by shared values and beliefs. Durkheim argued that social change is most likely to occur when social cohesion is weak.

Functionalist theory has been criticized for being too static and for ignoring the role of conflict in social change.

Conflict Theory

Conflict theory is a third major theory of social change. It was first developed by the 19th century sociologist Karl Marx, who argued that societies are divided into groups with different interests, and that social change occurs as a result of conflict between these groups. Conflict can be caused by a variety of factors, such as economic inequality, political oppression, or cultural differences.

Marx's theory was based on the idea of class conflict, which is the conflict between the ruling class and the working class. Marx argued that the ruling class exploits the working class, and that this exploitation leads to conflict and social change.

Conflict theory has been criticized for being too simplistic and for ignoring the role of consensus in social change.

Conclusion

These are just a few of the many theories of social change. Each theory has its own strengths and weaknesses, and no single theory can fully explain the complex process of social change.

Social change is a dynamic and ever-changing process. It is important to understand the different theories of social change in order to be able to effectively address the challenges and opportunities that social change presents.

What do you mean by Social Change?  Critically review the different theories of it.

Social change is the transformation of social institutions and structures over time. It can be gradual or rapid, and it can be caused by a variety of factors, including technological advancements, economic shifts, political upheaval, and cultural movements.

There are many different theories of social change, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most common theories include:

Evolutionary theory: This theory argues that societies progress through a series of stages, from simple to complex. Each stage is characterized by a different level of technological development, social organization, and cultural values.

Functionalist theory: This theory argues that societies are made up of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function. Social change occurs when one or more of these parts changes, and the other parts must adapt to the change in order for the society to continue functioning.

Conflict theory: This theory argues that societies are divided into groups with different interests, and that social change occurs as a result of conflict between these groups. Conflict can be caused by a variety of factors, such as economic inequality, political oppression, or cultural differences.

Each of these theories has its own strengths and weaknesses. Evolutionary theory is useful for understanding long-term trends in social change, but it can be too simplistic to explain short-term changes. Functionalist theory is helpful for understanding how societies maintain stability, but it can be too static to explain how societies change. Conflict theory is useful for understanding how power relations shape social change, but it can be too deterministic to allow for the possibility of peaceful change.

No single theory of social change can fully explain the complex process of social change. However, by understanding the different theories, we can better understand the factors that contribute to social change and the ways in which social change can be brought about.

Here is a critical review of each of the three theories of social change:

Evolutionary theory

Evolutionary theory is one of the oldest and most influential theories of social change. It was first developed by the 19th century sociologist Herbert Spencer, who argued that societies progress through a series of stages, from simple to complex. Each stage is characterized by a different level of technological development, social organization, and cultural values.

Spencer's theory was based on the idea of natural selection, which is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Spencer argued that societies are also subject to natural selection, and that the societies that are best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and prosper.

Evolutionary theory has been criticized for being too simplistic and deterministic. It has also been criticized for being ethnocentric, as it assumes that Western societies are the most advanced societies.

Functionalist theory

Functionalist theory is another important theory of social change. It was first developed by the 19th century sociologist Émile Durkheim, who argued that societies are made up of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function. Social change occurs when one or more of these parts changes, and the other parts must adapt to the change in order for the society to continue functioning.

Durkheim's theory was based on the idea of social cohesion, which is the degree to which the members of a society are united by shared values and beliefs. Durkheim argued that social change is most likely to occur when social cohesion is weak.

Functionalist theory has been criticized for being too static and for ignoring the role of conflict in social change.

Conflict theory

Conflict theory is a third major theory of social change. It was first developed by the 19th century sociologist Karl Marx, who argued that societies are divided into groups with different interests, and that social change occurs as a result of conflict between these groups. Conflict can be caused by a variety of factors, such as economic inequality, political oppression, or cultural differences.

Marx's theory was based on the idea of class conflict, which is the conflict between the ruling class and the working class. Marx argued that the ruling class exploits the working class, and that this exploitation leads to conflict and social change.

Conflict theory has been criticized for being too simplistic and for ignoring the role of consensus in social change.

Despite these criticisms, each of these theories has something to offer our understanding of social change. By understanding the different theories, we can better understand the factors that contribute to social change and the ways in which social change can be brought about.

## A more detailed explanation of social change, including its concepts, features, different theories, and review:

Concepts or Definition of Social Change

Social change is the transformation of social institutions and structures over time. It can be gradual or rapid, and it can be caused by a variety of factors, including technological advancements, economic shifts, political upheaval, and cultural movements.

Features

Some of the key features of social change include:

It is a continuous process. Social change is not a one-time event, but rather a process that is constantly happening.

It is often caused by a variety of factors. Social change can be caused by a single factor, such as a technological advancement, or it can be caused by a combination of factors.

It can have a variety of effects. Social change can have both positive and negative effects on society. For example, technological advancements can lead to economic growth and improved standards of living, but they can also lead to environmental damage and social inequality.

Different Theories of Social Change

There are many different theories of social change, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most common theories include:

Evolutionary theory: This theory argues that societies progress through a series of stages, from simple to complex. Each stage is characterized by a different level of technological development, social organization, and cultural values.

Functionalist theory: This theory argues that societies are made up of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function. Social change occurs when one or more of these parts changes, and the other parts must adapt to the change in order for the society to continue functioning.

Conflict theory: This theory argues that societies are divided into groups with different interests, and that social change occurs as a result of conflict between these groups. Conflict can be caused by a variety of factors, such as economic inequality, political oppression, or cultural differences.

Review

No single theory of social change can fully explain the complex process of social change. However, by understanding the different theories, we can better understand the factors that contribute to social change and the ways in which social change can be brought about.

Conclusion

Social change is a complex and ever-changing process. It is important to understand the different theories of social change in order to be able to effectively address the challenges and opportunities that social change presents.

Here are some examples of social change:

The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid social change that began in the late 18th century. It was characterized by the development of new technologies, such as the steam engine, which led to the growth of factories and cities.

The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was a period of social change that began in the 1950s. It was a struggle for African Americans to achieve equal rights, such as the right to vote and the right to use public facilities.

The Women's Rights Movement is a social movement that has been ongoing for centuries. It is a struggle for women to achieve equal rights, such as the right to vote and the right to equal pay for equal work.

Social change can be both positive and negative. Positive social change can lead to improvements in people's lives, such as better health, education, and economic opportunities. Negative social change can lead to problems such as poverty, crime, and social unrest.

It is important to understand the different theories of social change in order to be able to effectively address the challenges and opportunities that social change presents.

 Social change in 5000 words:

Introduction

Social change is the transformation of social institutions and structures over time. It can be gradual or rapid, and it can be caused by a variety of factors, including technological advancements, economic shifts, political upheaval, and cultural movements.

Concepts of Social Change

There are many different concepts of social change. Some of the most common concepts include:

Social evolution: This concept argues that societies progress through a series of stages, from simple to complex. Each stage is characterized by a different level of technological development, social organization, and cultural values.

Social revolution: This concept argues that social change can occur rapidly and violently, as a result of a major conflict or upheaval.

Social reform: This concept argues that social change can occur gradually and peacefully, as a result of a series of small changes.

Features of Social Change

Social change has a number of features. Some of the most important features include:

Continuity: Social change is a continuous process. It is not a one-time event, but rather a process that is constantly happening.

Complexity: Social change is complex. It is caused by a variety of factors, and it can have a variety of effects.

Unpredictability: Social change is unpredictable. It is difficult to predict when or how social change will occur.

Theories of Social Change

There are many different theories of social change. Some of the most common theories include:

Evolutionary theory: This theory argues that societies progress through a series of stages, from simple to complex. Each stage is characterized by a different level of technological development, social organization, and cultural values.

Functionalist theory: This theory argues that societies are made up of interrelated parts, each of which has a specific function. Social change occurs when one or more of the parts changes, and the other parts must adapt to the change in order for the society to continue functioning.

Conflict theory: This theory argues that societies are divided into groups with different interests, and that social change occurs as a result of conflict between these groups. Conflict can be caused by a variety of factors, such as economic inequality, political oppression, or cultural differences.

Review of Theories of Social Change

No single theory of social change can fully explain the complex process of social change. However, by understanding the different theories, we can better understand the factors that contribute to social change and the ways in which social change can be brought about.

Conclusion

Social change is a complex and ever-changing process. It is important to understand the different theories of social change in order to be able to effectively address the challenges and opportunities that social change presents.

Examples of Social Change

There are many examples of social change. Some of the most important examples include:

The Industrial Revolution: This was a period of rapid social change that began in the late 18th century. It was characterized by the development of new technologies, such as the steam engine, which led to the growth of factories and cities.

The Civil Rights Movement: This was a period of social change that began in the 1950s. It was a struggle for African Americans to achieve equal rights, such as the right to vote and the right to use public facilities.

The Women's Rights Movement: This is a social movement that has been ongoing for centuries. It is a struggle for women to achieve equal rights, such as the right to vote and the right to equal pay for equal work.

Effects of Social Change

Social change can have both positive and negative effects. Some of the positive effects of social change include:

Improved standards of living: Social change can lead to improved standards of living, as new technologies and ideas are developed.

Increased equality: Social change can lead to increased equality, as people from different groups are given more opportunities.

A more just society: Social change can lead to a more just society, as people are treated more fairly and equally.

Some of the negative effects of social change include:

Social unrest: Social change can lead to social unrest, as people struggle to adapt to new changes.

Economic inequality: Social change can lead to economic inequality, as some people benefit more from change than others.

Environmental damage: Social change can lead to environmental damage, as new technologies and practices are developed.

Conclusion

Social change is a complex and ever-changing process. It can have both positive and negative effects. It is important to understand the different theories of social change in order to be able to effectively address the challenges and opportunities that social change presents.

What is the central thesis of Dumont’s theory of caste? Does this theory capture the dynamics of caste hierarchy and inter-caste relations in contemporary Nepali Society? How?

What is the central thesis of Dumont’s theory of caste? Does this theory capture the dynamics of caste hierarchy and inter-caste relations in contemporary Nepali Society? How?  

The central thesis of Louis Dumont’s theory of caste is that the Hindu caste system is based on the principle of hierarchy, with Brahmans at the top and untouchables at the bottom. Dumont argues that this hierarchy is not based on economic or political power, but on religious purity and pollution. He further argues that the caste system is a holistic system, in which all aspects of life, including work, marriage, and religion, are interconnected.

Dumont’s theory has been influential in the study of caste, but it has also been criticized. Some critics argue that Dumont overemphasizes the importance of hierarchy and ignores other aspects of caste, such as economic and political power. Others argue that Dumont’s theory is Eurocentric and does not take into account the unique cultural context of India.

Despite these criticisms, Dumont’s theory remains an important contribution to the study of caste. It provides a framework for understanding the complex dynamics of caste hierarchy and inter-caste relations. It also challenges us to think about caste in a new way, as a holistic system that is embedded in Hindu culture.

Does Dumont’s theory capture the dynamics of caste hierarchy and inter-caste relations in contemporary Nepali society?

To some extent, yes. The caste system is still a powerful force in Nepali society, and Dumont’s theory can help us to understand how it works. For example, Dumont’s theory would help us to understand why there is still a great deal of discrimination against Dalits, the lowest caste group in Nepal. It would also help us to understand why inter-caste marriages are still rare.

However, Dumont’s theory does not capture the full complexity of caste relations in Nepal. For example, the caste system is not static, and it has been changing in recent years. There is a growing movement for Dalit empowerment, and there is increasing awareness of the problems caused by caste discrimination. In addition, the caste system is not the only factor that shapes social relations in Nepal. Other factors, such as class, gender, and ethnicity, also play a role.

Overall, Dumont’s theory is a useful tool for understanding caste relations in Nepal. However, it is important to remember that it is just one tool, and it should not be used in isolation. We need to use other tools, such as historical analysis and ethnographic research, to get a full picture of caste relations in Nepal.

Here are some specific examples of how Dumont’s theory can be used to understand caste relations in Nepal:

The persistence of caste discrimination. Despite the fact that Nepal has a secular constitution and laws that prohibit caste discrimination, Dalits continue to face discrimination in many areas of life, including education, employment, and housing. Dumont’s theory would help us to understand why this is the case. He would argue that the caste system is a deeply ingrained part of Hindu culture, and that it is difficult to change.

The rise of Dalit empowerment. In recent years, there has been a growing movement for Dalit empowerment. This movement has led to the formation of Dalit political parties and organizations, and it has also led to increased awareness of the problems caused by caste discrimination. Dumont’s theory would help us to understand why this movement has emerged. He would argue that it is a sign of the changing nature of the caste system, and that it is a challenge to the traditional Hindu hierarchy.

The intersection of caste with other social factors. Caste is not the only factor that shapes social relations in Nepal. Other factors, such as class, gender, and ethnicity, also play a role. Dumont’s theory would help us to understand how these factors intersect with caste. For example, he would argue that Dalit women face a double burden of discrimination, because they are both Dalit and women.

In conclusion, Dumont’s theory is a useful tool for understanding caste relations in Nepal. However, it is important to remember that it is just one tool, and it should not be used in isolation. We need to use other tools, such as historical analysis and ethnographic research, to get a full picture of caste relations in Nepal.

Who was Louis Dumont. List out Louis Dumont's  The major themes of Domont's theory of caste and explain it. 

Louis Dumont (1911-1998) was a French sociologist who is best known for his work on caste in India. His book, Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications, is considered to be a classic in the field of social anthropology.

Dumont argued that the caste system is a system of hierarchy, with Brahmans at the top and untouchables at the bottom. He argued that this hierarchy is not based on economic or political power, but on religious purity and pollution. He further argued that the caste system is a holistic system, in which all aspects of life, including work, marriage, and religion, are interconnected.

Dumont's theory of caste has been influential in the study of caste, but it has also been criticized. Some critics argue that Dumont overemphasizes the importance of hierarchy and ignores other aspects of caste, such as economic and political power. Others argue that Dumont's theory is Eurocentric and does not take into account the unique cultural context of India.

Despite these criticisms, Dumont's theory remains an important contribution to the study of caste. It provides a framework for understanding the complex dynamics of caste hierarchy and inter-caste relations. It also challenges us to think about caste in a new way, as a holistic system that is embedded in Hindu culture.

Here are the major themes of Dumont's theory of caste:

Hierarchy: Dumont argued that the caste system is a system of hierarchy, with Brahmans at the top and untouchables at the bottom. He argued that this hierarchy is not based on economic or political power, but on religious purity and pollution.

Holistic system: Dumont argued that the caste system is a holistic system, in which all aspects of life, including work, marriage, and religion, are interconnected.

The pure and the impure: Dumont argued that the caste system is based on the distinction between the pure and the impure. Brahmans are considered to be the purest caste, while untouchables are considered to be the most impure.

The individual and the group: Dumont argued that the caste system is based on the principle of the individual being subsumed into the group. He argued that this is in contrast to Western individualism, which emphasizes the importance of the individual.

The sacred and the secular: Dumont argued that the caste system is based on the distinction between the sacred and the secular. He argued that the caste system is a religious system, and that it should not be analyzed in terms of secular categories, such as economics or politics.

Dumont's theory of caste has been influential in the study of caste, but it has also been criticized. Some critics argue that Dumont overemphasizes the importance of hierarchy and ignores other aspects of caste, such as economic and political power. Others argue that Dumont's theory is Eurocentric and does not take into account the unique cultural context of India.

Despite these criticisms, Dumont's theory remains an important contribution to the study of caste. It provides a framework for understanding the complex dynamics of caste hierarchy and inter-caste relations. It also challenges us to think about caste in a new way, as a holistic system that is embedded in Hindu culture.

Does this theory capture the dynamics of caste hierarchy and inter-caste relations in contemporary Nepali Society?  In your opinion, is Dumont's theory relevant to analyze the nature of caste in Nepal?

Dumont's theory of caste can be used to understand the dynamics of caste hierarchy and inter-caste relations in contemporary Nepali society, but it is important to remember that it is just one tool, and it should not be used in isolation. We need to use other tools, such as historical analysis and ethnographic research, to get a full picture of caste relations in Nepal.

Here are some specific examples of how Dumont's theory can be used to understand caste relations in Nepal:

The persistence of caste discrimination. Despite the fact that Nepal has a secular constitution and laws that prohibit caste discrimination, Dalits continue to face discrimination in many areas of life, including education, employment, and housing. Dumont's theory would help us to understand why this is the case. He would argue that the caste system is a deeply ingrained part of Hindu culture, and that it is difficult to change.

The rise of Dalit empowerment. In recent years, there has been a growing movement for Dalit empowerment. This movement has led to the formation of Dalit political parties and organizations, and it has also led to increased awareness of the problems caused by caste discrimination. Dumont's theory would help us to understand why this movement has emerged. He would argue that it is a sign of the changing nature of the caste system, and that it is a challenge to the traditional Hindu hierarchy.

The intersection of caste with other social factors. Caste is not the only factor that shapes social relations in Nepal. Other factors, such as class, gender, and ethnicity, also play a role. Dumont's theory would help us to understand how these factors intersect with caste. For example, he would argue that Dalit women face a double burden of discrimination, because they are both Dalit and women.

In conclusion, Dumont's theory is a useful tool for understanding caste relations in Nepal. However, it is important to remember that it is just one tool, and it should not be used in isolation. We need to use other tools, such as historical analysis and ethnographic research, to get a full picture of caste relations in Nepal.

As for whether or not Dumont's theory is relevant to analyze the nature of caste in Nepal, I believe that it is. However, it is important to remember that Nepal is a unique country with its own history and culture. As such, it is important to be aware of the limitations of Dumont's theory and to use it in conjunction with other theories and perspectives.

Here are some other theories and perspectives that can be used to understand caste in Nepal:

Marxism: Marxism argues that caste is a form of class oppression. This theory can be used to understand the economic and political dimensions of caste.

Feminism: Feminism argues that caste is a form of gender oppression. This theory can be used to understand the ways in which caste intersects with gender.

Postcolonialism: Postcolonialism argues that caste is a form of colonial oppression. This theory can be used to understand the ways in which caste was shaped by colonialism.

By using a variety of theories and perspectives, we can get a more nuanced understanding of caste in Nepal. This understanding can help us to develop more effective strategies for challenging caste discrimination and promoting social justice.

Ramadan: Festival of Purity and Charity

Ramadan: Festival of Purity and Charity

The Islamic calendar defines Ramadan as the ninth month. Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset throughout the month, which is also known as Roza.

Ramadan does not start on the same day or month every year, because it is the Islamic calendar. The start date of Ramadan may vary by up to 10 days each year in accordance with the Islamic calendar. This year, this Suru festival has started on 10th of Chait and will be completed on 9th or 10th of Baisakh.

How is Ramadan celebrated?

A person fasting during Ramadan does not even drink water from sunrise to sunset. Smoking, drinking and sexual activities are also prohibited during that time. But after sunset, this rule does not apply. After sunset, you can eat after breaking the fast.

There is a tradition of drinking water and dates to break the fast. After that, many dishes are prepared and eaten until sunrise.

During the day, Muslims pray and pray to Allah, wishing for the progress of the society. They can wake up before sunrise, have breakfast and pray and then go about their daily work. After that, one should fast all day and spend time with family after sunset. This routine should be followed for a month.

Ramadan is a holy month, in which the people of the Muslim community do more charity work and help those in need.

Young children, the elderly, pregnant women, the sick, those who are menstruating or people who need special care are also exempted from fasting. It is a tradition that everyone except them should observe this fast.

Even if someone is unable or unable to fast during Ramadan, they can continue the fast even after the month ends.

Why is this festival celebrated?

This month is also to change oneself as a good person by imbibing the values and beliefs of Islam. Many members of the community fast during Ramadan to rid themselves of negative feelings and habits. Apart from this, the purpose of this Ramadan is to purify oneself emotionally and spiritually.

Social Research and Making Research Sociological

Definition of Social Research

According to C.A. Moser : “Social research is a systematized investigation to gain new

knowledge about social phenomenon  and problems.”

According to P.V. Young: “Social research is a scientific task which by means of logical

methods, aim to discover new facts or old facts and to analyze their sequences,

interrelationships, casual explanations and natural laws

which govern them.”

Social Research: 

Social Research is a method used by social scientists and researchers to learn

about people and societies so that they can design products/services that

accommodate to various needs of the people.

Different socio-economic groups belonging to different parts of a county think

differently. Various aspects of human behavior need to be addressed to

understand their thoughts and feedback about the social world, which can be

done using Social Research. Any topic can activate social research – new

feature, new market trend or an upgrade in old technology.

What is social Research ?

Society is an organized group of persons associated together with shared objective, norms and

values pertain to the society.

People have social life and social process. Research is systematic and organized effort to

investigate a specific problem that needs a solution. It contributes to the

general body of knowledge. It also corrects human knowledge.

Social research now can be defined as the systematic and objective analysis and recording of

controlled  observations that may lead to the development of generalization,

principles or theories resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of events in society. It

attempts to answer or solve social problems.

(eg. covid, cyber addict)

Social research is a research conducted by social scientists following a systematic

plan. Social research methodologies can be classified as quantitative or qualitative.

 Quantitative designs approach social phenomena through quantifiable evidence,

and often rely on statistical analysis of many cases (or across intentionally designed

treatments in an experiment) to create valid and reliable general claims. Related to

quantity.

 Qualitative designs is related to quality and emphasize understanding of social

phenomena through direct observation, communication with participants, or analysis

of texts, and may stress contextual subjective accuracy over generality.

Making Research Sociological

Sociologists conduct research on almost every area of human behavior. The research conducted

may be at the macro level, covering broad matters such as social structure, or at the micro

level, which addresses individualistic and small group interaction. Sociological research is

necessary for a variety of reasons. Research will confirm or deny the validity and extent of what

is considered to be true simply because it “makes sense.” Whereas culture has a significant

impact on what one believes to be true, there needs to be a more objective manner in which to

discover truth. Research provides the method through which truth can be discovered. To

discover this truth, scientific research is used.

There are a number of factors researchers must take into consideration beyond the research

method chosen. Some of these are beyond the control of the researcher. It involves a change in

the person’s behavior because he or she knows they are being studied. Gender and race are

also considerations that must be controlled by the researcher, especially when the sample

being studied or the subject of the research is gender or race related. Gender and race can be a

confuse making factors in sociological research, and sociologists need to take careful steps to

prevent gender or race differences from biasing their findings.

What is a Valid Sociological Topic?

Sociologists research just about every area of human behavior at both the macro and micro

levels.

No human behavior is ineligible=-disallowed) for research, whether it is routine or unusual,

respectable or reprehensible (inacceptable)

Common Sense and the Need for Sociological Research

Common sense cannot be trusted on as a source of knowledge because it is often limited and

based on limited information.

To move beyond common sense and understand what is really going on, it is necessary to do

sociological research. (eg. no disable person win the football game )

Controversy in Sociological Research

Social research can be very controversial be it private, political, etc. Often the findings of social

research threaten those who have a stake in the matters being studied. (the study of the crime

or criminal people is an example of such controversy.)

Gender in Sociological Research

Because gender can be a significant factor in social research, researchers take steps to prevent

it from biasing their findings.

Gender can also be an obstacle to doing research, particularly when the gender of the

researcher is different from that of the research subjects and the topic under investigation is a

sensitive one.

There are also questions regarding the degree to which findings from a sample made up

exclusively of one gender can be generalized to the other.

Ethics in Sociological Research

Ethics are of fundamental concern to sociologists when it comes to doing research.

Ethical considerations include being open, honest, and truthful; not harming the subject in the

course of conducting the research; protecting the anonymity of the research subjects; and not

misrepresenting themselves to the research subjects.

How Research and Theory Work Together

Sociologists combine research and theory in different ways. Theory is used to interpret data

(i.e. functionalism, symbolic interaction and conflict theory provide frameworks for interpreting

research findings) and to generate research. Research helps to generate theory.

Why do teeth and gum problems occur during pregnancy?

It is equally important to take care of teeth and mouth during pregnancy as well as overall health. Hormonal changes during pregnancy increase the problem of teeth and gums in women. If the health of the mother's mouth is not good, it can also affect the development of the child's teeth and gums. Therefore, pregnant women need to take special care of their teeth and gums.

Easy ways to gain weight and get fat

Easy ways to gain weight and get fat

There are many people who are underweight and are troubled because of their body shape. And it is true that like obese people, there are still chances of diseases for them. In fact, the effort required to lose weight is the same dedication and effort needed to gain weight. While obesity and overweight are a big problem, low weight and thin body also cannot show attractive personality.

Causes of weight gain and measures to reduce weight and obesity

Obesity is the problem of many people these days. To reduce it, people take various medicines, go to doctors and do exercises etc. There may be many reasons for this, here are the causes of obesity and easy and home remedies to reduce it.

Tesla and Nissan get top reliability scores in Consumer Reports’ survey

It is true that both Tesla and Nissan have consistently ranked among the top manufacturers of electric vehicles (EVs) in terms of reliability, according to consumer reports. In its annual reliability survey, consumer reports ranks vehicles based on the number of reported problems per 100 vehicles. A score of 100 means that the vehicle has no reported problems, while a lower score indicates a higher number of reported problems.

EVs more issue-prone than gasoline and hybrid cars, Consumer Reports says

It is true that electric vehicles (EVs) have historically been more prone to issues compared to gasoline or hybrid cars, according to consumer reports. However, this has been changing in recent years as EV technology has improved and manufacturers have gained more experience in producing EVs.

Tesla and Nissan Make the Most Reliable Electric Vehicles

According to consumer reports, both Tesla and Nissan have consistently ranked among the top manufacturers of electric vehicles (EVs) in terms of reliability. Tesla has consistently ranked at or near the top of consumer reports' reliability rankings for EVs, with its Model S, Model X, and Model 3 receiving high marks for their reliability. The Tesla Model S, in particular, has consistently ranked as one of the most reliable EVs on the market, with a reliability score of 96 out of 100 in 2020.

Business ideas that a new Nepali graduate with no experience and a low budget

Here are a few business ideas that a new Nepali graduate with no experience and a low budget might consider:

Blogging or content creation: If you have strong writing skills and an interest in a particular subject, starting a blog or creating content for social media platforms could be a way to earn money quickly. This could involve creating written, audio, or video content on a specific topic or niche, and monetizing it through advertising, sponsorships, or affiliate marketing. The advantages of starting a blogging or content creation business include the ability to work from anywhere and the potential to reach a large audience. The disadvantages include the need to be proficient in online marketing and the need to consistently produce high-quality content to attract and retain an audience.

Stephen Boss, also known by his stage name "tWitch," is an American actor, dancer, and television personality.

Stephen Boss, also known by his stage name "tWitch," is an American actor, dancer, and television personality. He was born on September 29, 1982 in Montgomery, Alabama, and grew up in a household filled with music and dance. Boss began dancing at a young age, and his talent and passion for dance quickly became apparent.

Jada Pinkett Smith is an American actress, singer, and businesswoman.

Jada Pinkett Smith is an American actress, singer, and businesswoman. She is known for her roles in films such as "The Nutty Professor", "The Matrix Reloaded", and "Girls Trip". Pinkett Smith is also known for her activism and philanthropy, and has been a vocal advocate for a range of social and political issues.

Chris Rock is an American comedian, actor, and producer.

Chris Rock is an American comedian, actor, and producer. He is known for his stand-up comedy, as well as his work in films and television. Rock began his career as a stand-up comedian in the 1980s, and quickly became known for his sharp wit and observational humor. He has released several stand-up comedy albums and has toured extensively, performing to sold-out audiences around the world.

Amber Heard is an American actress and activist.

Amber Heard is an American actress and activist. She is known for her roles in films such as "Pineapple Express", "The Rum Diary", and "Aquaman". Heard is also a prominent activist for domestic violence and sexual assault survivors, and has been a vocal advocate for survivors of domestic violence in her own life.

Will Smith is an American actor, rapper, and producer.

Will Smith is an American actor, rapper, and producer. He is one of the most successful and influential entertainers in the world, and has been a major film and music star for over three decades. Smith began his career as a rapper in the 1980s, and later became a successful actor, starring in films such as "Bad Boys", "Independence Day", and "Men in Black".

Johnny Depp is an American actor and musician.

Johnny Depp is an American actor and musician. He is known for his versatile performances and has appeared in a wide range of films, including comedic, dramatic, and action roles. Depp rose to fame in the 1980s with his performance in the television series "21 Jump Street" and has since become one of the most sought-after actors in Hollywood.

Nepal is a landlocked country located in South Asia, between China and India.

Nepal is a landlocked country located in South Asia, between China and India. It is known for its beautiful mountains, including the world's highest peak, Mount Everest. The country has a rich culture and history, with Hinduism and Buddhism being the dominant religions. The official language of Nepal is Nepali, but many other languages are also spoken there. The capital and largest city of Nepal is Kathmandu.

Qatar World Cup: Some are happy, and some object to the prohibition of alcohol consumption in the stadium | Why does Nepal love Argentina?

Qatar World Cup: Some are happy, and some object to the prohibition of alcohol consumption in the stadium

Supporters have expressed their happiness that there is a ban on alcohol in the ongoing World Cup football in Qatar. They said it was the right decision for FIFA to ban the sale and distribution of alcohol while respecting the religion of the Muslim country of Qatar.

How is a cataract treated, and how much does it cost?

Cataract is the main cause of blindness not only in Nepal but also in other developing countries. Now people's life expectancy has increased. But due to changes in lifestyle, the problems of diabetes and high blood pressure have increased, which has increased the number of people who have cataracts.