The wrong policy that forced specialists to leave the country

 The wrong policy that forced specialists to leave the country

The Philippines has adopted a medical education and residency training system similar to the US. Nepal, on the other hand, has followed the Indian model, which is influenced by the British model.

In recent decades, there has been a steady exodus of specialists from Nepal to foreign countries. This issue is usually discussed in hushed tones. However, it is an issue that needs to be addressed immediately.

This exodus is not just about higher salaries or modern facilities. It has to do with the difficulties and structural obstacles that specialists face within Nepal’s institutional structure.

One of the biggest challenges in this regard is the issue of equivalence (certificate of equivalence). Tribhuvan University (TU) has the authority to recognize foreign medical degrees. Without this recognition, specialists returning from abroad cannot apply for government jobs or academic careers.

In this regard, TU does not recognize doctors who have completed residency training in the Philippines. Their residency program was not recognized as a real course, but as a general training without a thesis.

This decision is highly contradictory. Before going to the Philippines, each doctor had received an official letter from the relevant Nepali government agency. Due to the limited number of postgraduate seats in the country, many doctors were forced to go abroad for further studies in the last two decades.

Moreover, members of the Nepal Medical Council themselves used to go to the Philippines to understand and observe the medical education system there. This also indicated a tacit approval for Nepali doctors to study in that country. But the harsh and dismissive approach of TU has now sidelined hundreds of skilled specialists in their own country.

What is more painful is that until the beginning of 2073, TU was issuing equivalence certificates to doctors who had completed their residency in the Philippines. Many specialists had applied, submitted the necessary documents, and even paid the fees. Suddenly, TU changed its policy and stopped issuing certificates without any warning. The applications of many doctors were still in process.

If rules are to be made, they should always be for the future, not for the past. For example, Tribhuvan University could have said, ‘Starting this year, equality will not be given to those doing residency in the Philippines.’ But instead of doing so, the rule was implemented immediately. Which completely ruined the future of doctors who had completed their studies abroad and are studying.

Imagine, what must have happened to doctors who were in the middle of their residency in 2017? Long duty, sleepless nights, hungry stomachs, physical and mental fatigue. What must have happened to doctors who were struggling for a happy future despite facing all this with this sudden decision?

The arbitrary and discriminatory policy of the system has shattered the hopes of many doctors.

Some doctors have said that this sudden decision has even made them victims of depression.

No decision has been made yet about what will happen to those who had submitted all the necessary documents and the 5,000 rupee fee for the equivalence certificate in 2073 BS, shortly before the implementation of this rule. What kind of justice is this done to citizens?

The lack of recognition is not only undermining the hard work of these doctors, but also weakening Nepal’s health system. Nepal’s much-needed specialist surgeons, physicians, and pediatricians have returned with experience abroad. However, they are not allowed to teach in Nepal’s medical colleges or work as specialists in government hospitals. This is because TU refuses to issue the necessary certificates. Yet these same specialists are welcomed in other countries, their skills are respected, and they are employed.

In addition, there is widespread discrimination within the health system. Nepali doctors who return from high-level training abroad, especially those from the Philippines, are often the target of suspicion, professional jealousy, and administrative obstruction. They are treated like outsiders in their own homeland.

They are deprived of leadership roles, excluded from decision-making processes, and kept out of opportunities to make meaningful contributions to the nation’s health sector. They have now emerged as a group of highly skilled and talented doctors trained abroad. The message is clear—an attempt is being made to discredit expertise and create administrative obstacles in Nepal.

The Philippines has adopted a medical education and residency training system similar to the US. Nepal, on the other hand, has followed the Indian model, which is influenced by the British model.

The residency years in Nepal and the Philippines are similar, with some being longer in the Philippines.

For example:

-General Surgery – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 5 years

-Radiology – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 4 years

-Orthopedic – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 4 years

-Internal Medicine – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 3 years

-ENT – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 4 years

-Obstetrics and Gynecology – Nepal: 3 years, Philippines: 4 years

Based on this comparison, the claim that Philippine residency is ‘mere training’ is baseless. Rather, the programs are more structured and longer than those in Nepal, which raises serious questions about the biased policy of TU.

What is even more sad is that all responsible institutions are aware of this problem. Dean of the Institute of Medical Studies (IOM), Nepal May The Dical Council, the Nepal Medical Association, the Ministry of Health and Population, and the Ministry of Education are all aware of this problem.

But no one has taken responsibility for solving it. The main players are the current and former two deans and the officials of the Curriculum Development Board of Tribhuvan University.

Was this decision approved by the Ministry of Education or the Ministry of Health? The answer to this question has not come from anywhere. Under whose direction were these decisions made? Was there an influence of money or power? Why was a policy made to stop the specialists needed by the nation? Will these responsible people ever be investigated and held accountable?

Recently, about 200 specialist doctors have filed a petition in the court, where a permanent order has also been issued. However, no concrete solution has been reached yet.

Why is there so much silence about this policy that has become a factor in the exodus of specialist doctors?

Nepal is already suffering from a shortage of specialists in fields such as cancer, neurosurgery, cardiology, and pediatrics. But the doctors who can fill these vacancies are migrating abroad in large numbers. Most of the doctors who have gone abroad have left the country permanently.

They have gone to places where their training is recognized, respected and valued. Nepali patients are forced to travel abroad for expensive treatment or rely on substandard services.

If Nepal wants to save its medical talent, urgent reforms are needed. Tribhuvan University and the Nepal Medical Council must adopt a transparent and fair policy for recognizing foreign degrees.

Especially degrees from countries like the Philippines, where residency is internationally recognized. Instead of abolishing these programs, Nepal should focus on evaluation, breeding systems and collaborative partnerships. It is also essential to end discrimination and create a culture of respect for all specialists.

Does a dog bite transmit rabies? Let's know 9 myths and truths

 Does a dog bite transmit rabies? Let's know 9 myths and truths

The rabies virus is transmitted to humans through animal bites or their saliva, and it is fatal if not vaccinated on time.

Rabies can also be transmitted from not only dogs but also cats, monkeys, bats and foxes.

To prevent rabies, it is necessary to get vaccinated immediately after an animal bite.

Rabies is a disease caused by a virus. It is mainly a disease that occurs in animals, but it can also be transmitted from infected animals to humans. This virus remains in the saliva of infected animals. When an animal bites a person, the virus is transmitted to humans. Rabies is a serious and deadly disease, about which there are many myths and misconceptions in society.

Myth 1: Rabies is transmitted only through bites.

Truth: Rabies is usually transmitted through animal bites, but if the saliva of an infected animal enters the body in other ways, the disease can also be transmitted to humans. The disease can also be transmitted through cuts, abrasions, or contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth.

Myth 2: Rabies is only transmitted by dog ​​bites.

Truth: Many people have the misconception that rabies is transmitted only by dogs. However, this is not true. Rabies can also be transmitted by other animals such as cats, monkeys, bats, and foxes. Also, any rabies-infected animal can spread the disease.

Myth 3: Pets are protected from rabies.

Truth: Pets are not automatically protected from rabies. They need to be vaccinated on time. If they are not vaccinated, they can also be at risk of this disease. Therefore, it is important to regularly vaccinate your pet dog or cat against rabies. For this, you should consult a veterinarian.

Myth 4: Rabies vaccination is not necessary if you are bitten by a vaccinated dog.

Truth: If a pet dog or cat has been vaccinated and bites or scratches, you should seek medical advice immediately. Sometimes the vaccine can be missed or the immune system is not fully developed, so there is a risk of rabies. Therefore, post-bite vaccination should be done after consulting a doctor.

Myth 5: Rabies vaccine is given in the armpit.

Truth: Many still think that rabies vaccine is given in the armpit, but this is wrong. Modern medical science has made progress. Now rabies vaccine is not given in the armpit, but in the arm or sometimes under the skin. This modern vaccine is very effective and safe.

Myth 6: Applying turmeric, chili or oil to the bite site prevents rabies.

Truth: It is completely wrong to use home remedies like turmeric, chili on the bite site of a dog or cat. Such measures can cause more serious harm to the patient. The bite site should be washed immediately with clean water and soap and immediately go to the doctor and get rabies vaccine.

Myth 7: Rabies vaccine can be given at any time.

Truth: Many people think that rabies vaccine can be given at any time, but this idea is very dangerous. Rabies vaccine should be given immediately after a bite or scratch. Delaying treatment reduces the effectiveness of the vaccine. If symptoms appear, the disease cannot be treated. This disease is fatal.

Myth 8: Tetanus vaccine protects against rabies.

Truth: Many people seem to feel more confident after getting the tetanus vaccine, and some even avoid getting the rabies vaccine after getting the vaccine. As a result, we have experienced that people who have been bitten by a rabid animal have died due to rabies. Therefore, rabies vaccination is mandatory.

Myth 9: The vaccine should be given within 24 hours of a dog bite.

Truth: It is not necessary to get the vaccine within 24 hours of a dog bite. The sooner the vaccine is given after the dog or animal bites, the faster it works, so it is advisable to get it immediately. But even if it is delayed for some reason, it should be administered as soon as it is known or as soon as the vaccine is available.

Points to note

The only way to avoid rabies is prevention, which is possible through vaccination. If you have pets, they should be vaccinated on time. If you are bitten by an animal, you should immediately seek medical advice and do not use any home remedies on the wound. If symptoms of rabies appear, this disease can be fatal. Therefore, you should not believe any myths related to rabies and only follow the advice of a doctor.

Ways to keep Dashain meat healthy and safe for a long time

Ways to keep Dashain meat healthy and safe for a long time

During the festival season, many homes have an abundance of meat. If it is not properly preserved, it can spoil.

Clean equipment should be used while slaughtering and cleaning meat, and storage should be done at a temperature below 4 degrees Celsius.

The minimum internal temperature should be maintained at 62.8 degrees Celsius when cooking meat.

Now is the festive moment of Dashain. Those who are away from home for work and study have started returning home and gathering. How many people are traveling? How many are preparing for the trip? Meat is the most consumed food during Dashain family gatherings. Except for vegetarians, most people eat meat like every meal during Dashain.

Most families slaughter animals at home and store plenty of meat. At this time, every house has an abundance of meat. In this situation, if the meat is not stored properly, there is a risk of spoiling. And the meat can become poisonous. Consuming such meat can cause various health problems.

Improper slaughterhouse practices and methods, poor hygiene, and improper and inadequate meat preservation methods for large quantities of meat can create a breeding ground for harmful bacteria, which can cause unpleasant and sometimes serious illnesses.

To avoid such problems, special care must be taken from the time of slaughtering the animal to its other processes, storage, and even cooking.

Food poisoning from contaminated meat is mainly caused by microorganisms such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter. It can have mild to severe symptoms.

Symptoms

- Nausea, vomiting

- Diarrhea

- Abdominal pain

- Fever

In vulnerable people, such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems, food poisoning can have serious consequences.

How to slaughter safely?

For many, the Dashain tradition of slaughtering goats or other animals at home is a tradition. If this practice is not done hygienically, it can be a major source of infection in the meat.

-The designated place for slaughter should be clean and away from household waste and drains. There should be a place where the animal can be cleaned again after slaughtering.

-Make sure that the animal prepared for slaughter is healthy.

-Plenty of clean water should be provided for washing hands, tools and meat. Tools should be washed thoroughly with soap and hot water before and after using them.

-The person performing the slaughter should also pay attention to hygiene. Meat can be contaminated by a dirty person.

-People with contagious diseases (cold, fever, dysentery, etc.) should not participate in this activity.

-The intestines and internal organs should be removed carefully. When removing the internal organs, be very careful not to pierce the intestines, as this can spread feces and bacteria to the meat.

-After cooking, meat should be cooled to below 4°C as soon as possible to prevent bacterial growth. This can be done by using a refrigerator or clean ice.

Kitchen Safety

Once meat is brought into the kitchen, special care should be taken to prevent contamination. Maintaining good hygiene is important to prevent such problems.

Keeping raw meat and other vegetables separate

Use separate chopping boards, knives and utensils for raw meat and other foods, such as vegetables and salads. This will prevent harmful bacteria from being transferred from raw meat to ready-to-eat items.

-Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before and after handling raw meat.

Cooking to the right temperature

Most harmful bacteria are killed when cooked thoroughly. When preparing dishes, meat should be cooked thoroughly, especially until the pink color is gone.

For large cuts of meat, the recommended minimum internal temperature is 62.8°C. The best way to measure the temperature is to use a food thermometer.

Storing for later: Modern and traditional preservation

When a large amount of meat is available, how to store it properly?

Meat storage methods

1. Freezing

Fresh meat can be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius or lower and consumed within a few days. For long-term storage, the meat should be frozen. For this, it should be cut into the required pieces, filled with packaging plastic, sealed and placed in the freezer.

The refrigerator used for storing meat must be in good condition. Meat can be contaminated and spoiled in a dirty refrigerator. If the meat is kept in this way, it can be stored for a long time.

2. Preserving cooked meat in fat

This method is called confiting in English. In this method, the meat, especially goat, pig or duck meat, is well marinated and then immersed in its own fat. The fat acts as a protective seal. The meat can be taken out when needed and prepared in various dishes as desired. No refrigeration is required for this.

3. Salting

This method is used especially in Western countries. In this, raw meat is salted heavily and hung in a dry, cool place or stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius. Before using such meat, it should be washed thoroughly in water to remove the salt.

4. Making Sukuti

This is a traditional Nepali method of preserving meat for a long time. Many Nepalis used to make long pieces of Dashain meat and hang it over the fire. Even today, meat can be seen being stored in this way in rural areas.Once the meat is well dried, it will not spoil even if kept for a long time.

To make suketi, the meat should be cut into thin and long pieces. This will allow it to dry evenly. It is best to dry it in a well-ventilated place, covered with a net to protect it from flies. The meat should be completely dry and hard before storing. Meat dried in a slightly smoky place will last longer.

5. Making Pakku

Pakku is a traditional Nepali meat dish. It is mainly made from goat or cow meat. The method of making it is special. The pieces of meat are marinated in spices such as ginger, garlic, cumin, and coriander and placed in a pot. Then, without using water, the meat is cooked in its own fat and juices at a low temperature for a long time.

When cooked in this way, the meat melts completely, becomes very soft and tasty, and its color is dark brown or black. Since it is cooked in its own fat without adding water, it does not spoil for many days.

It can be made into a broth and gravy as per the requirement. It can also be eaten with rice and curries. The pakku prepared in this way can also be stored at normal room temperature. If kept in the refrigerator, it will not spoil for many more days.

Do not eat too much

Consuming too many fatty and spicy meat dishes can cause digestive problems. To facilitate the digestion process, plenty of fresh vegetables, salads, and fruits should be included in the diet.

Drink plenty of water

Drink plenty of clean water throughout the day.

How to mitigate the psychosocial impact of the current crisis?

 How to mitigate the psychosocial impact of the current crisis?

Nepal is currently in a period of political transition that has increased instability and uncertainty.

The deaths and injuries of adolescents and many others in the recent violent protests have raised deep concerns.

Immediate and long-term initiatives are needed, prioritizing mental health and psychosocial support.

Nepal is once again in a period of political transition. While change itself is an inevitable process, change accompanied by uncertainty creates more uncertainty than hope. At times, we are wondering whether Nepal is on the brink of instability.

The loss of lives of adolescents and young people in recent violent protests and movements, the injury of many people, is sending a message of sorts.

The massive damage to private and public property, from archaeological heritage to the prevailing sense of insecurity in the minds of ordinary citizens, have caused us deep pain. Not only the immediate damage, but also its long-term impact, its impact on mental health, is a matter of concern and discussion.

This crisis has affected all age groups in different ways. Children and adolescents have experienced fear, confusion, sleep problems, and difficulty concentrating in school. Youth and adults have experienced increased frustration, anger, anxiety about unemployment, and strained social relationships. The elderly are experiencing feelings of insecurity. People with disabilities and marginalized communities have their own unique concerns.

If these conditions are not addressed immediately, there is a risk of increased trauma, anxiety, depression, and suicidal tendencies. There is also a risk of social breakdown, deepening distrust, decreased productivity, and a decrease in human resource capacity.

Psychosocial support is urgently needed for children, adolescents, youth, women, the elderly, people with disabilities, and marginalized communities affected by violence, death, and insecurity. Many people are in a state of confusion right now. Most people seem to believe the information they receive on social media as official information. Many seem to be unable to distinguish between right and wrong.

This type of information seems to have made people very anxious due to the pressure of uncertainty about the future.

What to do in this situation?

Both immediate and long-term initiatives are needed to address such a situation. Primarily, psychological support, helpline services operated through telephone and social media, and community-based basic psychosocial support programs need to be started immediately.

Self-care and stress management skills should be provided to security personnel, health workers, media workers, and other service providers working in the field immediately. In the long term, mental health in schools, communities, and workplaces should be linked to education, protection, and health systems through policy management.

It is essential to develop a psychosocial support system with follow-up and conduct activities. Similarly, only by ensuring quality counseling services related to trauma and grief can victims have the basis to restore their lives to balance.

In this context, the first responsibility is to address the suffering of people who died, were injured, and were disabled in the movement. Immediate treatment, rehabilitation, compensation and ensuring justice should be the first step of the state. Trust in the people can be restored only by impartial investigation and accountability in cases of human rights violations.

Similarly, it is necessary to pay attention to the control of corruption and transparency in power raised by the protesters.

Special attention should be paid to returning people's lives to their previous state, restoring employment and creating new jobs. It is necessary to immediately facilitate and restart production and business that have been stalled due to various reasons. It is necessary to create an investment-friendly environment and create an encouraging environment.

Similarly, mental health and psychosocial well-being must be a national priority. The World Health Organization and the International Labor Organization have recommended linking mental health with development and employment. Therefore, Nepal needs to take the initiative in this regard in collaboration with development partners.

In the long term, it is essential to introduce psychosocial and mental health education in schools, communities and workplaces, a structure of community-based workers (CBTs) and psychologists, and policies and systems that link mental health to the primary health system.

Good governance and transparency are also indispensable. Rebuilding trust is not possible without participation in the decision-making process, accountability through e-governance, social justice and the implementation of concrete programs to end discrimination. Nepal stands at a crossroads of crisis and opportunity today.

Only if the state can put these five foundations into practice: justice and rehabilitation for the victims of the movement, eradication of corruption, job creation and economic expansion, ensuring mental health and social cohesion, and reconstruction with good governance and transparency, will Nepal's future not be just a story of struggle, but a common home for beautiful, peaceful, healthy and happy Nepalis.

Why is a postmortem necessary in unnatural deaths?

 Why is a postmortem necessary in unnatural deaths?

A postmortem is an examination of a body after death and is mandatory according to law in unnatural deaths.

A postmortem helps in finding the cause of death and helps in justice and helps in protecting the future from accidents and diseases.

A postmortem is an examination of a body after death. There are many misconceptions and misconceptions about postmortem in Nepali society. Due to such misconceptions and misconceptions in our society regarding postmortem, most of the relatives of the deceased do not want to perform a postmortem on the body of their loved one after death.

During a postmortem, the body has to be cut open and the internal organs examined. For this reason, people in Nepali society do not want to perform postmortems as much as possible due to religious and cultural issues.

However, if the death occurred in an unnatural manner, then a postmortem of such a body is necessary. For example: if someone finds a body in a murder, suicide, suspicious death, accidental death, sudden death, or a dead body, the police must be notified and a postmortem must be performed according to law. Since such deaths are suspicious, the cause of death must be found for the police investigation, for which a postmortem must be performed.

History of Postmortem

When digging into the history of postmortem, we have to go back to the beginning of the 14th century. In 1302, a postmortem of a body was performed for the purpose of investigating a death in Bologna, Italy. Similarly, since centuries ago, postmortems have also been performed in France, Egypt, and China to assist the law.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, postmortems gradually developed after the traditions of China and Babylon and the advanced use of European medical science. It was born separately in medicine, which was named ‘forensic medicine’. This field includes postmortems of bodies and medico-legal cases.

This branch of medicine is also known and understood as forensic pathology or legal medicine in some countries. In Nepal, the practice of performing postmortems in suspicious deaths seems to have started since 1960. The government doctor of Kathmandu's Prison Hospital officially started postmortems for the first time at Bir Hospital.

Why do postmortems?

Section 20 of the Criminal Procedure (Code) Act 2074 BS states that in the Nepali Constitution, in case of an accident, suicide or suspicious death within the territory of Nepal, the postmortem of the deceased must be paid by the government at all costs. Postmortems are performed at the request of the legal authorities responsible for investigating accidental and unnatural deaths, and the Nepal Police has the legal authority in Nepal.

A question that comes to the police every time after a death is why do we perform postmortems? What is the benefit of performing postmortems? The dead person is already dead, so why should we cause more suffering?

First of all, what should we understand is that we perform postmortems for the living rather than for the dying person. Postmortems provide a basis for finding out the facts and the cause of death, punishing the guilty and saving the innocent.

It helps in justice. In addition, performing a postmortem reveals many details about the death, which not only helps in investigating the death but also helps in making the living aware of diseases and causes of death.

In the event of a vehicle accident, the nature of the internal injuries can be examined and the safety systems of vehicles can be made aware. Previously, it was through such research that helmets were worn while riding a motorcycle, seat belts were made mandatory while driving, and airbags were made mandatory in vehicles, as well as head rests in the event of an accident.

Reasons for performing a postmortem

1. In fatal accidents

A postmortem is mandatory in fatal accidents because it can be found out which part of the human body is most affected in an accident and which part is most affected and leads to death. This helps in knowing about the measures to be taken to avoid the accident, the methods to be adopted in treatment, and awareness. This helps in reducing the number of deaths caused by fatal accidents.

2. In case of sudden death

In case of sudden death, postmortem can be done to find out the disease that most people die from. Postmortem can be done to find out which part of the body is affected by such diseases. By finding out the nature and condition of the disease, society can be helped to save it from diseases. Similarly, this can also help to find out about hereditary diseases and alert other family members in time to save it from premature death.

3. Help the law

The police must conduct a postmortem when investigating a death. The cause of death is mentioned on the basis of the postmortem report, based on which further legal investigation is carried out.

In case of suspicious death, the family, relatives and eyewitnesses of the deceased also make various statements according to their interests. Preparing a postmortem report based on statements affects the police investigation, therefore, postmortem is also mandatory from a legal point of view to help in finding out the exact cause of death and conducting a fair investigation.

3. For scientific research

The nature of the wounds on the body may vary between a vehicle accident, a fall, and a beating, which will allow proper scientific research to examine the nature of the injuries on disputed bodies in the future and determine whether the injuries were caused by a vehicle accident, a duty-related death (beating), or a fall. There may be grounds for distinguishing between the two.

How is a postmortem performed?

A postmortem is performed in all district hospitals or large government hospitals in Nepal. After a police report, it should be performed by a forensic expert or a doctor registered with the Nepal Medical Council. During a postmortem, the body is completely naked, the outer covering is noted, and the body is completely dissected and examined.

Sometimes, pieces of various parts of the body are removed to provide additional evidence for the police to investigate and the doctor performing the postmortem to determine the cause of death. And it is also sent to the police forensic laboratory for further examination. After the postmortem, a report with the doctor's signature is submitted to the police.

Postmortem related mistakes

1. The body is not dismembered during a postmortem

During a postmortem, the body is dissected as needed, and after examining the vital organs, the body is re-stitched and handed over to the relatives in its original state.

2. The organs of the body are not removed during the postmortem

The main purpose of performing a postmortem is to find out the cause of death. Therefore, the body is dissected and examined for important organs. Then the organs are placed inside the body and sewn up and sent. In any suspicious situation, small pieces of organs can be removed for testing for poisons and other chemicals as needed. Then the organs are sewn up in their entirety. After death, no organ works for another person.

3. A postmortem cannot be done without dissecting the body

In Nepal, a postmortem cannot be done without dissecting the body. However, sometimes, since hospital reports reveal the cause of death based on CT scans and X-rays, a postmortem can be done even with minimal incisions. Therefore, the hospital report is important after death.

4. Is it known whether a person is dead or not after an autopsy?

A postmortem is basically to find out the cause of death. After the cause of death is determined, the investigation into whether the death was accidental, accidental, or suicide remains. After the doctor determines the cause of death, the police investigate based on that. The doctor who performs the autopsy does not reveal the exact cause.

But sometimes, based on the nature of the injuries on the body, the doctor can give an opinion to the court about accidental, accidental, or suicide.

Postmortem Neglected

Postmortem plays an important role in determining the cause of death and minimizing deaths due to potential disasters.

Due to the state's lack of importance in this field, the new methods introduced by medical science in this field have not yet been introduced in Nepal, which is why even today the postmortem space in government hospitals in Nepal is limited to a dark room.

In developed countries, postmortem examination rooms are equipped with postmortem X-rays and CT scans, as well as labs for DNA, drug and poison testing, to minimize the amount of dissection required during postmortems. However, ironically, in Nepal, state agencies are less knowledgeable about what constitutes a dead body and have neglected this area in every way.