Some of our habits, which can be improved to improve health

 Some of our habits, which can be improved to improve health

Eating late at night increases the risk of diabetes, so you should finish your meal by 8/9 pm and eat light meals.

Eating too fast can cause gastritis, so you should chew your food slowly and thoroughly.

Excessive salt intake increases high blood pressure, so it is recommended to not eat more than 6 grams of salt per day and eat less processed food.

A balanced and healthy lifestyle is essential to prevent and control any disease. Sometimes some habits cause disease. While some promote diseases. If we identify these habits and change them in time, positive improvements in health are possible.

There are some habits, which can be changed to avoid diseases.

1. Diabetes

Eating late at night can cause imbalanced blood sugar levels, which reduces the effect of insulin in the body. This makes it difficult to control sugar. It is better to finish eating by 8/9 pm. Dinner should be light. After eating, you should walk for a while.

2. Migraine

Skipping meals can increase migraine symptoms. Not getting enough nutrition on time can lower blood sugar levels and increase headaches. A regular and balanced diet helps in controlling migraines.

3. Heart disease

Physical inactivity is a major cause of the disease. Not exercising regularly can lead to obesity, high blood pressure, and cholesterol. You should do at least 30 minutes of light or moderate exercise daily. You can also walk.

4. Osteoporosis

Complete deprivation of sunlight weakens bones. Spend 15 minutes in the early morning sun and include calcium-rich foods in your diet.

5. Gastritis

Eating too quickly affects the protective layer of the stomach, which causes irritation and gas. You should chew your food slowly and thoroughly.

6. Acid reflux

If you sleep immediately after eating, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus. You should stay active for at least 2 hours after eating. Eat light and less spicy food at night.

7. Stomach problems

Not drinking enough water can cause problems like constipation and acidity. You should drink at least 8-10 glasses of water throughout the day. So that the digestion process remains smooth and excretion is easy.

8. Liver disease

Excessive oil-spices and processed foods put an extra burden on the liver. Such foods should be avoided. Fresh fruits and vegetables should be prioritized in your daily diet.

9. Dementia

Mental inactivity and watching television for a long time negatively affect brain function. Therefore, you should learn something new every day and exercise your brain.

10. Insomnia

Excessive use of screens, especially before going to bed, affects sleep. You should stop using mobile and television at least 1 hour before going to bed. You should set a regular sleep time.

11. Anxiety

Spending time on social media can increase mental stress. Limit your use of social media. Include meditation, yoga, and relaxation techniques in your daily life.

12. High blood pressure

Excessive salt intake can increase blood pressure. Excess salt causes water retention in the body, which increases pressure on the heart. Therefore, you should avoid eating processed and fast foods that are high in salt and should not consume more than 6 grams of salt per day. You should also give up the habit of sprinkling salt on your food.

13. Anemia

Many people drink tea immediately after eating, but this hinders the absorption of iron in the body. Therefore, tea should be drunk at least 1 hour before or 1 hour after eating. Green vegetables, lentils, and iron-rich foods should be prioritized in the diet.

What are the procedures for postmortems and identification of those who died in the protests?

 What are the procedures for postmortems and identification of those who died in the protests?

Coordination between forensic science, police, and hospitals is necessary to identify and determine the cause of death of those who died during the protests.

An official letter of medico-legal examination from the police is required before the postmortem is conducted, which confirms the cause of death.

DNA analysis and other scientific methods are used to identify bodies that have been burned, but identifying completely burned bodies is challenging.

Violent incidents during protests cause great human loss. In such incidents, a complex and sensitive procedure is adopted to identify and determine the cause of death of those who die due to gunshots, fire, or other injuries.

Coordination between forensic science, as well as the police, and hospitals is very important to identify and determine the cause of death of the deceased. This process is sensitive from both a scientific and legal perspective.

Incident and initial procedures

People who die during the protests are often taken to the hospital immediately by eyewitnesses or friends. The name of the deceased is registered in the hospital and treatment is attempted. If the person is confirmed not to be alive, the body is sent for postmortem. Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu is a well-equipped centre for mortuary storage and postmortem. The body is preserved in a freezer facility. The teaching hospital has the necessary equipment for proper management of the body and postmortem, which makes the process systematic.

Identification process of the deceased

Initial identification

The identity cards, jewellery or other personal belongings of the deceased form the initial basis for identification. The name and address of the deceased can be ascertained from such items. If such items are not available, the relatives come to the hospital and identify the body.

Personal belongings are of great help in the identification process, but sometimes other scientific methods have to be used in cases where these items are destroyed.

Notification to relatives

Once the details of the deceased are registered in the hospital, the relatives are informed. The hospital maintains a list of the names of the deceased, which the relatives look at to identify the body. Once the identity is confirmed, the postmortem process proceeds.

Postmortem and medico-legal process

A medical-legal examination is required from the police before a postmortem can be conducted. In cases where police stations are affected, such a letter is issued by the Kathmandu Police Complex. A postmortem determines the cause of death, such as gunshot wounds, injuries or fire. This process is important for the relatives of the deceased and the community to uncover the truth.

The main causes of death during the protests currently include gunshot wounds, internal injuries, head injuries or fire. In cases of gunshot deaths, doctors analyze the nature of the bullet and the damage to the body.

Identification of people who died in a fire

The identification of bodies that died in a fire is complicated. For example, in the case of seven people who died in a fire in Bhatbhateni, identification is challenging. Methods such as presumptive identification and DNA analysis are used to identify burned bodies. If jewelry, clothes or other personal belongings are left, they can be used to identify them.

DNA Analysis

When a body is not completely burned and some tissue remains, DNA is extracted and analyzed. This process is carried out at the Central Forensic Science Laboratory of the Nepal Police. DNA analysis can confirm the identity of the deceased, but this process is time-consuming and resource-intensive.

DNA Analysis Process

DNA Extraction

DNA is extracted from white blood cells, because red blood cells do not have a nucleus. DNA can be extracted from bones or teeth in burned bodies, if they are not destroyed.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR-M)

If the amount of DNA is low, the amount of DNA is increased by the PCR-M process. This makes it easier to analyze the DNA sequence adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine.

Profile Matching

The DNA profile of the deceased is compared with the DNA of his father or mother. A 50 percent match between the father or mother's DNA confirms the identity.

Challenges in completely burnt bodies

If the body is completely burnt and the tissues are destroyed, DNA analysis is not possible. In such a case, identification becomes impossible. Also, if the relatives of the deceased do not contact them in time, the process becomes more complicated. The possibility of identifying completely burnt bodies is limited, but we must make the most of the resources and technology available.

This process is not only to identify the deceased and determine the cause of death, but it is also a means of ensuring truth and justice in society. Such sensitive processes provide comfort to the victim’s family and provide truthful information to society.