In what condition is endoscopy done?

 In what condition is endoscopy done?

Endoscopy is a name that many people are hearing. It is a Greek word, which means to look within. Endo means within, and scope means to examine or see.

Endoscopy is the process of examining the inside of the body without making a wound. In which an endoscope (instrument) is used to closely observe the condition of the internal part of the body. This device consists of a long, thin flexible tube. Light and camera are connected to the tube. After injecting it through the mouth, what has happened in the esophagus, stomach, etc. can be clearly seen on the monitor.

Types of endoscopy

Endoscopy can be done in different parts of the body. Endoscopy is named after the organs.

Gastroscopy: Gastroscopy quickly detects diseases of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine. It detects swelling, ulcers and tumors in these organs.

Colonoscopy: Colonoscopy identifies rectal disease problems. Colonoscopy is a method of checking the internal condition of the anus and the condition of the large intestine by inserting a tube through the anus.

(Colonoscopy examines the lower part of the stomach, while endoscopy examines the upper part of the stomach. Both of these procedures are the same, but the name and the part of the body to be checked are different.)

Bronchoscopy: It detects problems in the lungs. It identifies various respiratory system and other lung-related problems such as tumors, infections, and breathing problems.

Cytoscopy: It detects urinary problems like urinary tract, blood in urine and infection.

Neuroendoscopy: It detects brain and spine problems such as hydrocephalus, tumors, and various neurological problems.

In what cases is it recommended?

Endoscopy is recommended for two reasons. One is to check based on the symptoms reported by the patient and the other is to see during surgery.

When there is a problem in swallowing food, when there is pain in the stomach for a long time, when there is frequent vomiting and when there is blood in the stool and urine, endoscopy is advised to find out the cause.

Endoscopy is also used in the process of removing bleeding ulcers, tumors or cancer.

Endoscopy is done as needed even if no organ is clearly reported on X-ray.

Diagnosis according to disease

-Gastroesophageal reflux: This is a chronic disease, in which stomach acid reaches the esophagus and damages the inner layer. The condition of the esophagus can be known through endoscopy.

- Nodule: There is a lump around the stomach or esophagus. And, if such a lump grows, it can be seen through endoscopy. It can be understood whether there is a risk of cancer or not by its size. According to which the treatment is decided.

— Esophageal swelling: If the esophageal vessels are larger than normal and swollen, endoscopy helps to see the enlarged vessels, assess their size and severity.

- Abdominal swelling: Causes of abdominal swelling can be seen through endoscopy. Based on this insight, a treatment plan for the swelling can be made.

Stomach ulcer: Stomach ulcer is also known as peptic ulcer. Endoscopy helps in the diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcers.

-Gastroesophageal stricture: The esophagus or the inside of the stomach becomes narrow for some reason. Endoscopy aids in diagnosis by imaging the gastroesophageal site.

How is it done?

- In this process, it is done in Khalipet. At first, the patient is placed on a bed.

— A monitor is attached to monitor blood pressure and heart rate.

- Then local anesthesia is given. Anesthesia can be given in the mouth to numb the throat for endoscopy. (A camera and light are attached to the tip of the endoscope.)

After that, the endoscope is placed in the mouth and swallowed. A slight pressure may be felt during this process. At this time the breathing process does not stop. And, they are made to sit without speaking.

- While the endoscopy is going down the esophagus to the intestine, the digestion condition is viewed directly from the monitor through the camera.

- After the examination or the necessary procedure is completed, if the meat has grown, the surgical instrument to remove it is inserted through endoscopy. If cancer is suspected, a small piece is taken for biopsy.

After this, the endoscope is gradually removed from the mouth.

Is there pain in this process?

There is no pain due to local anesthesia. However, some may feel bearable pain.

Also, it takes up to 3 minutes from start to identify the problem. If surgery is to be done together, then it should be done after observing the condition for half an hour.

Risk

- Flatulence.

- Light bleeding.

- There may be an infection in the part where it is done.

- A hole in the stomach, esophagus or intestine,

If you see these symptoms, you should go to the hospital immediately.

How much does it cost?

5 to 6 thousand for endoscopy and 7 to 9 thousand for colonoscopy in government hospitals. Fees may vary depending on the hospital.

Similarly, an average of 2,000 for endoscopy and 4,000 for colonoscopy in government hospitals.

advantage

— The camera used in endoscopy takes a clear picture of the internal organs.

- Detects internal organ problems without pain without making a big incision.

- Surgery and biopsy of suspected cancer can be done at the same time.

Why are X-rays done?

 Why are X-rays done?

At one point or another, most of us have had an X-ray of some part of the body. Everyone has heard about this test since childhood.

As soon as the word X-ray comes to our mind, a black picture comes in front of us, in which the image of bones is visible. But its function is not only to show pictures, there are many others. Few people know the real information.

What is X-ray?

An X-ray is a type of imaging test. which creates a picture of your bones and other organs attached to them. An X-ray machine uses a safe amount of radiation to make this picture. From the picture prepared through X-ray, the doctor makes a plan about the treatment and what kind of treatment is needed.

Usually, in the case of broken bones, due to an accidental accident, the bones of any part of the body have been broken and the diseases related to it are checked. X-rays are a safe and effective way to assess bone health.

Why do X-rays?

- To identify broken bones

- To determine the cause of pain and swelling symptoms

-To identify other foreign objects in the body

-To detect structural problems of bones, joints or soft tissue attached to joints

- And, regular examination may be necessary for cancer and other diseases as well.

Types of X-rays

X-ray is not only for one part of the body. There are many parts. According to which there are types of X-ray tests.

Abdominal X-ray: This X-ray takes pictures of the kidneys, stomach, liver and bladder. Which helps to identify kidney and bladder stones. It consists of a special type of abdominal X-ray. It is called barium enema, which helps to use the digestive system.

X-ray of bones: X-rays are also used to see the condition of broken bones, disorganized joints and lumps. Bone infection and cancer can also be identified through this.

Chest X-ray: This test helps to detect pneumonia, heart, lung and chest bone problems.

Dental X-ray: Dental X-ray helps to check the health condition of teeth and gums.

Fluoroscopy: Fluoroscopy shows images of soft tissues such as organs and intestines. The X-ray also detects the movement of the organs on the screen like a film.

Fluoroscopy is often used in x-rays of the digestive system.

CityScan

A CT scan is also a radiology study. Which shows a picture of the condition of bones, organs and tissues through a monitor. This machine looks like a donut shape.

Mammograms: Providers use mammograms to take X-ray pictures of breast tissue, evaluate breast lumps, and diagnose breast cancer. From which breast lumps can be evaluated and breast cancer can be identified.

How does X-ray work?

X-rays send radiation through the body. The light of that radiation is invisible. which cannot be experienced. The beam is passed through the body and an image is formed on the X-ray detector located near it. Bones, cells, tissues and other structures absorb the radiation as it passes through the body. That's why it looks like a bright white color on X-ray. But soft tissue does not absorb radiation easily. That's why X-ray shows gray color.

How to prepare for X-ray?

-Inform your health care provider or examiner about your health history, allergies, and any medications you are taking.

- In general, no special preparation is required to prepare for a bone X-ray. For other types of X-rays, the examiner may give some preparation instructions.

- Do not use lotion, cream or perfume when preparing for any type of X-ray.

-Metal objects such as jewellery, hairpins or hearing aids cannot be used. You should wear comfortable clothes before the X-ray.

X-ray exposure

In general, X-rays are safe and effective for people of all ages.

If there is a possibility of pregnancy, you may need to tell the doctor before taking the X-ray. Because X-ray radiation can harm the fetus. If you are pregnant, if there is less harm, the doctor suggests to do MRI or ultrasound.

When will the X-ray results be available?

Bone X-ray results are usually ready immediately. After the X-ray, the doctor will advise you about the results. Apart from that, it may take a long time to get the results of the X-ray test.

Side effects of x-rays

Some people may be allergic after X-ray. Symptoms may appear a day or two after the X-ray. If you experience headache, skin rash, itching, vomiting or nausea and difficulty breathing, you should contact your doctor immediately. But these symptoms are seen only by few.

What is MRI, why is it done?

 What is MRI, why is it done?

If there is a wound in our body or a bone is broken for some reason, we can predict the problem by looking at it. Because these things happen before our eyes. But when any part inside our body is damaged. Then some diseases may be hidden inside the body.

In this case, how can the problem that cannot be seen with the eyes be detected?

Medical devices like MRI have been invented to detect such hidden diseases.

What kind of medical equipment is MRI?

MRI is a medical device that uses magnetic energy to show the state of the body in a similar image with the help of a computer. The full form of MRI is Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

In what situation is it used?

Monitoring MRI is used to identify and treat problems in the body from head to toe.

- To clearly identify diseases related to spine, joints and bones

– To identify diseases related to the heart

- To detect the risk of breast cancer

- To detect brain problems (seeing areas of damage without blood supply after stroke, epilepsy, due to persistent headache)

- To diagnose uterine and liver cancer

- To detect uterine abnormalities in women undergoing infertility treatment

- To evaluate the cause of pain in women with endometriosis

- To diagnose ulcers, tumors or other diseases in different parts of the body

The MRI test is done under the supervision of a technician. Which is later reported by the radiologist.

Before the MRI

MRI is an OPD procedure. So there is no need to rush. All the instructions are given before starting the test. For example, it is advised not to sit in one position. Because the picture may be blurry if it is slightly shaken.

Bandages can sometimes be applied to keep the patient stable. MRI is also done under anesthesia for those who cannot remain still for a long time.

A sequence can run for several minutes and at each stage a different machine sounds. This is already mentioned.

Before starting this procedure, you should change into a hospital gown. If you are wearing items made of metal, you should remove them.

During an MRI

First of all, the patient is laid on the table. Slowly the table moves towards the round magnet tube. You have to sit still inside the MRI equipment until the required picture is taken.

During this period, technicians stay at a safe distance. The details shown by the MRI are viewed and collected on the computer. Patients can also communicate from inside with the help of a microphone. Once the test is complete, the technician looks at the image from the MRI to determine if more is needed.

If there is a situation where MRI is required during pregnancy, it should be done only with special precautions.

How long is the process? How easy is it?

This process may take time depending on the problem. The process may take a minimum of 15 minutes to a maximum of 50 minutes. It may be difficult for some people to be patient.

How does it work?

Most of the human body is made up of water. MRI works by reacting between this water, magnet, radiowave, gradient inside the body. Some part of each hydrogen (water inside the body) atom acts like a magnet.

While sleeping in the machine, the magnetic field temporarily rearranges the body's water molecules. At this time the magnetic field is activated. Radio waves receive signals from these arranged atoms. This magnetic field is transmitted at a certain frequency with the help of a gradient.

With the help of a computer connected to the machine, the image of the MRI scan is created. It must remain in the machine for a limited period of time for accurate pictures.

Who analyzes the MRI report?

Only a trained radiologist or physician can analyze the MRI report to assess the health condition and proceed with the treatment process.

Nowadays, even if there is a small problem, there are also those who do MRI in Hachuwa. MRI may not be the only safe option in all problems. In some cases, CT scan may be more effective than MRI.

In this case, you should always consult a qualified doctor to be safe from any kind of unexpected problem.

advantage

An MRI scan is a painless imaging technique. It has no risk of harmful radiation. Soft tissue structures of the body such as the brain, spine, joints, cancer, heart, liver and many other organs can be identified more clearly through MRI images than through other methods.

What is the difference between CT scan and MRI?

Both of these show the image inside the body. The difference between the two is that MRI uses magnetic and radio waves to take pictures inside our body, which does not involve radiation. MRI can clearly show the condition of soft tissues that cannot be shown even by CT scan. MRI takes a lot of time.

While City Scan works with the help of X-ray. In this, the condition of the body can be seen with the help of radiation. This procedure is completed in a short period of time and is less expensive than MRI.

Disadvantage

MRI cannot be done if metal is installed inside the body. The sound coming during the scanning can create a kind of fear while inside. Some people may experience panic and suffocation as if they are in a cave.

How long does it take to get the MRI results?

MRI results depend on how common or complex the health problem is. After the test, if the result is normal and no problem is found, the MRI report is given in 24 hours.

If there is a problem, more complicated, then the result will come only after consultation with other doctors. This may take time. In the same way, the report may come in a short time in private hospitals where the availability of skilled doctors is more.

How much does it cost?

MRI machine is an expensive equipment. Therefore, the test fee is naturally expensive. In this, government and private hospitals set fees in their own way. MRI test fee starts from 8000 in Terti Teaching Hospital.

Conditions where MRRE should not be performed

– When an implanted pacemaker is placed

– Cochlear implants

– Any other type of iron-based metal implant

When was MRI equipment introduced in Nepal?

MRI equipment was introduced in Nepal in the year 2046, which was the first army hospital to start its service. At that time there was a low quality machine. Gradually, private hospitals began to operate services including MRI. In the year 2058, MRI was introduced in the University Teaching Hospital.

Similarly, it was invented in 1973 for the first time in the world. Its inventors are Paul Lautber, Peter Mansfield and Raymond Damadian.

In 1973, Paul created the MR image. At that time he had tested on animals. After further improvement, in 1977, Peter Mansfield conducted an MRI of a human finger and the results were obtained.

Then Raymand introduced MRI to detect serious diseases like cancer in humans.

This is how face yoga can be done to brighten the face

This is how face yoga can be done to brighten the face

People are taking various measures to look beautiful and attractive. They resort to different types of creams, treatments and many other measures. Although all these will bring shine to the face, it cannot reduce the effects of aging on the face.

In such a situation, exercise for the face can prove to be very useful. For this you can do 'face yoga'. Just as yoga is important for health, it is equally beneficial for the face. How to do 'face yoga' to make your face attractive, what are its benefits? let's know

What is face yoga?

Face yoga is the exercise of facial muscles. It can make facial muscles flexible, improve blood circulation, relax, nourish and reduce the effects of aging on the skin.

What kind of yoga?

Lion pose

Throne yoga is done as a lion opens its mouth while roaring. It strengthens the mouth muscles. The lion pose tightens all the muscles of the face, improves blood circulation and also brings glow. This is one of the best yoga for face.

method

- First of all, lay a mat on the floor. This method can also be done sitting in bed.

-Sitting in Sukhasana and touching the mat with your hands. Extend the fingers of both hands near the knees. In this case, the elbow should be straight.

- Open your mouth well, stick your tongue out, spread your tongue out and roar like a lion so that the pressure on the facial muscles is reached.

-Repeat twice or four times every day in the morning.

Tap

It is important to start your routine by gently tapping the entire face and neck with your fingertips, i.e. by applying quick pressure to the face with your fingertips. This awakens the skin, increases blood circulation and produces elastin and collagen. makes

method

- Apply pressure by tapping on your forehead with the tips of your fingers, start tapping from the middle of the forehead and move towards the forehead.

-Starting from the chin and going through the base of the nose, tap the tap on your cheeks.

- Keep tapping your cheeks in an upward motion from the chin bone to the cheek bone.

-Tap above the upper lip for about three seconds, then tap tap below the lower lip for a few seconds.

Happy Frog

When a frog croaks like it is happy, it is called 'Happy Frog'. Face volume decreases with age. This pose tightens sagging cheeks and makes them look fuller.

In this mudra, the lower lip and the upper lip are joined together to make a smile. Repeat this exercise 20 times.

Kisses and smiles

In this practice, the lips are made to smile for a while and kiss for a while. It does not cause wrinkles on the cheeks.

method

- Take it near the lips with the thieving finger and middle finger.

- Then close the mouth and make a shape as if kissing and give a smile.

- Sit in the kissing posture for 10 seconds and then keep smiling for 10 seconds.

-Then come to rest position.

fish face

This mudra brightens the face and makes the lips look pink. Helps to improve muscle function.

method

- Close your eyes first.

-Pull your lips and cheeks inward to give a fish-like shape and hold for 30 seconds.

-Then smile for 30 seconds.

- Do this yoga three to five times a day.

Chin lift

Many people are suffering from the problem of double chin. Double chin makes laughing and speaking difficult. Chin lift yoga is the solution to this problem. In addition, it also works to improve the functioning of the jaw and neck muscles.

method

-Lift your head and look at the ceiling.

- Push forward as if trying to kiss the ceiling while trying to reach your lips. Continue this for a few seconds.

- Slowly return to your previous position.

-Repeat this facial yoga process three to four times.

Mouthwash technique

Mouthwash Technique Yoga is very easy and can be done at any time. The mouthwash method helps to tone the cheeks and remove excess fat from the face. This yoga is also effective in the problem of double chin.

method

- When rinsing your mouth with water, fill your cheeks with air in your mouth as if you were filling your mouth with water.

-When tired, rest for a while.

- Repeat this process two-three times.

Eye focus

This eye yoga helps to make the eyebrows beautiful and attractive.

method

- Spread your eyes as wide as possible. Do not squint your eyes while doing this.

- Now pay attention to see things as far away as possible.

-Slowly pay attention to nearby things.

-Repeat this process for a few seconds, rest for a few seconds.