Journey from the history of maternity hospitals to modern services

 Journey from the history of maternity hospitals to modern services

Paropakar Maternity and Gynecology Hospital BS. 2016 is the only gynecological hospital in Nepal.

The hospital delivers 22,000 to 24,000 women annually.

Paropakar Maternity and Gynecology Hospital is the only gynecological hospital in Nepal. This hospital is known as the maternity hospital. Established as an important institution in the health sector of Nepal, Paropakar Maternity and Gynecology Hospital is making an invaluable contribution to the health and safety of women and mothers.

This hospital has played a historic role in Nepal's health service, focusing especially on obstetrics, gynecology and newborn health.

Establishment and early history

Paropakar Maternity and Gynecology Hospital was established in BS. 2016. This hospital was established in the name of Indrarajya Lakshmi Devi Shah, the wife of the then King Mahendra Shah. At the time of its establishment, the hospital was provided with the help of Paropakar Sanstha by Singh Shamsher.

Indrarajya Lakshmi Devi Shah died due to infertility. This is why history mentions that a hospital was established in her name with the aim of preventing others from dying from such problems.

Paropakar Maternity and Gynecological Hospital is a proud health institution of Nepal, which has provided maternity and gynecological services to lakhs of women in a period of 66 years.

Expansion and Development

The hospital has made remarkable progress in a period of 66 years. Initially started with 40 beds, this hospital is currently operating with a capacity of 515 beds, and a proposal to expand to 700 beds has been submitted to the government. Every year, 22,000 to 24,000 women deliver here.

Along with maternity services, the hospital has been providing various gynecological services, which include treatment of uterine prolapse, uterine tumors, cancer, hemorrhage, ovarian tumors and fertility problems.

Specialized Services

The hospital has expanded specialized services over time. Paropakar Maternity Home is the first government hospital in Nepal to start IVF service for infertility treatment. This service is being systematically run at the IVF center in Kupandol.

There are plans to make this center a center of excellence, and so far, 5 provincial doctors and nurses have been trained.

This service has been started through a tripartite agreement with the Government of Nepal, the Department of Health Services, and UNFPA for the treatment of urinary incontinence. This service is provided free of charge, especially for women affected by complicated deliveries and surgeries. There are plans to send two doctors to Pakistan for training for this service.

The maternity home has also started newborn screening. The ‘New Born Screening’ service was started last year to identify hereditary disabilities. Seven hereditary diseases including thyroid, phenylketonuria, and thalassemia can be identified.

Out of 2000 newborns, 20 have been diagnosed and treated. Which will help reduce the mortality rate of newborns.

Fetal and maternal echocardiography facilities are also available. From which 6,100 patients are availing the service in a year. This service has been run in collaboration with experts from Gangalal Hospital and Bir Hospital for the heart examination of pregnant women and newborns. This service has eliminated the obligation of patients to pay expensive fees in private hospitals. It has helped in timely identification and treatment of heart-related problems, especially in complex pregnancies.

The hospital also has a mental health OPD facility, through which 1,800 patients have already benefited. The mental health OPD service has been started for the treatment of postpartum mental health problems.

What did Dr. Shree Prasad Adhikari do after becoming the director?

The current director, Dr. Shree Prasad Adhikari, has made significant improvements in the hospital in the last two years. Since he took over, four new counters have been added, two OPDs, one billing, and one pharmacy. The online ticketing system has been made systematic and advanced, which has eliminated the obligation of patients to stand in line. Services have been expanded in Kupandol since Asad 15, 2081. IVF services, infertility treatment, safe abortion and a nursing college have been brought into operation.

Since the infertility treatment service began, 9,100 people have come for infertility treatment. Out of these, 300 have already taken IUI and 43 have taken IVF services, says Dr. Adhikari.

The hospital has brought a simulation lab into operation. According to the hospital director, Dr. Adhikari, it was established with the aim of producing skilled manpower for the treatment and care of mothers and newborns. He said that treatment practices will be conducted without affecting any patient.

Fistula surgery has also been started. This service is being run for the first time in a government hospital, which provides free treatment to women affected by complicated childbirth.

Former director Dr. Sheela Verma's statement

Former director Dr. Sheela Verma says that the maternity hospital feels like a family home to her. “I have always been impressed by the dedication and support of the staff and employees here,” she says. “I am proud to work here.”

Dr. Barma says that during her tenure, she implemented the Mater Suraksha program, which spread throughout Nepal. The program served many women, but there were also challenges due to lack of resources. The dedication of the team here and the excellent service the hospital provides She says that the desire to dance has brought this organization to this point.

She said that the Maternal Safety Program has contributed significantly to reducing maternal mortality in rural areas of Nepal. This is mentioned in the report of the Ministry of Health.

Challenges of the hospital

Although the hospital has made a lot of progress over time, some challenges remain. The hospital buildings are old, and there is a problem of water leakage during the rainy season. Director Dr. Adhikari says that a new building and cabins are needed.

The hospital is currently run by the committee's staff and contract employees. If the proposal for 700 beds is approved, staff and services can be added. The budget is also decreasing every year, which she complains is hindering the expansion of services. Patients are inconvenienced by the lack of parking and space.

A symbol of service and dedication

The maternity hospital, born from the tragic incident of the royal family, has today become a trusted friend of service recipients from all levels of Nepal. This hospital has been providing special services not only to women from low and middle income groups, but also to the upper middle class. The hospital currently provides OPD services to over 100,000 patients annually, which is significant compared to other government hospitals in Nepal.

The history of the spoon found in Egypt, how did it develop in the world?

Today, the use of spoons has become mandatory in every human activity. Even in the villages now, they have stopped adding salt to the vegetables by hand. Nowadays, Karchuli has stopped extracting ghee oil. Nowadays, all these utensils have been replaced by spoons. Not only this, by humanizing the spoon, the tendency of people is also interpreted as spoon tendency nowadays.

The history of Chamcha has always been associated only with rich and prosperous families. At one time it was customary in Europe to keep it at home only for show. Even today, many people continue to embrace this culture, even though they seem to be rich and newly rich. So the history of the spoon has always evolved as a tool around the rich.

Archaeological history shows that with the beginning of human civilization, people began to use a variety of tools. As people began to adopt a collective lifestyle and live in a family structure, they started using different utensils. But when did the spoon-eating system, which is emerging as today's culture, start with the spoon system? Where did the development come from?

In Nepali culture, not everyone has adopted the method of eating food with a spoon at the dining table. However, some urban families have made this culture a matter of necessity. Due to this, it can be assumed that the practice of eating food with a spoon has started to develop in Nepali culture. But where did the spoon come from? It is worthwhile to look at its international study.

Historical tools

Looking back at history, pottery has been around since time immemorial. The history of wooden tools is also long. Then there is the history of metal tools. It was from this soil that various shapes were developed. Before the development of pottery from clay, in the Stone Age, people used to feed themselves by hunting with stone weapons. But with the development of civilization, structures like earthen jars, water containers, drinking glasses, cooking utensils were developed. Looking at the list of historical materials in this way, it is not seen that any spoon-sized pottery has been used in India every year. But in the case of Egyptian civilization, such devices have been in use since the beginning of the Vedic period.

After reaching the invention of metallurgy through simple sharp rocks, clay tools, wood tools, the spoon has now succeeded in proving itself as the best tool for cooking food. Despite its simple design and other devices of semicircular shape, such a culture has not been developed in Eastern culture in ancient times. But now the spoon is in the modern way of preparing and serving food

Various international studies have shown that there are now more than 50 types of spoons in circulation around the world. This device is used for many specific tasks in food and other activities around the world.

The history of the spoon is long and enjoyable. No one knows when and where the first spoon was used. But archaeological finds date back to BC. Some decorative and religious spoons have been found to have been used in the area of ​​1000 years. The ancient spoons were made of wood, slate, and ivory. The spoons used by the Egyptian priests were made in unique designs. Evidence has been found that spoons were made of bronze and silver in the days of ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.

Until medieval Europe, cow horns, wood, bronze, and pottery were used to make spoons out of clay. It was only in the 15th century that wooden spoons began to replace the more durable metal spoons. Such spoons were widely used by the upper classes in the 15th century.

The earliest mention of a spoon in England was in 1259 as a wardrobe description of King Edward I. In medieval times, spoons were used not as food but as a symbol of wealth and power. Each of the kings of England used the method of anointing with a special spoon after the coronation. It finally took on a modern look by the end of the 18th century.

In modern times, the spoon is used a lot in our food consumption. It was first used only for the consumption of liquids or semi-liquids. But later it works as a perfect tool. Nowadays it is also used in modern kitchenware and all kinds of food. That is why in Nepali, a person who cures everyone is called a spoon.

Below are some examples of spoon designs that people use now.

Caviar Spoon - Caviar means fish egg. Such spoons were made of pearls, gold, animal horns, and wood so that the dish would change its taste when eaten.

Teaspoon - a little smaller than a teaspoon.

Dessert Spoon - This is a medium-sized spoon. It tends to be larger than a teaspoon and smaller than a food spoon. Besides, many types of spoons are used around the world.

Jeff Bezos became the first rich man in world history with a fortune of 200 billion

Jeff Bezos became the first rich man in world history with a fortune of  200 billion

Jeff Bezos, the richest man in the world, has amassed more wealth than ever before. In nearly four decades of Forbes calculations, Bezos has crossed a milestone that has never been seen before.

Bezos' net worth rose to  4.9 billion as Amazon's stock fell 2 percent on Wednesday afternoon. The 56-year-old is the richest man in the world with more than 200 billion in assets.

As of 1:50 a.m. Wednesday, the assets of Amazon's founder and CEO had reached 204.6 billion (Rs. 241.90 billion). That's  90 billion more than Bill Gates, the world's second-richest man. Bill Gates currently has a net worth of  116.1 billion.

According to Forbes, Bezos has managed to make a new fortune even when it comes to matching inflation. Bill Gates became the first person with a fortune of one hundred billion dollars.

By the time Microsoft reached its peak, Gates had amassed a fortune of 100 billion. At present, it is worth about  158 billion. Due to the epidemic of coronavirus, consumer habits have changed a lot.

The direct benefit of which has been collected by Amazon. Its stock has risen 80 percent since the beginning of the year. As a result, Bezos's net worth, which was  115 billion a year as of last January, has skyrocketed.

The 11 percent stake in Amazon has played a 90 percent role in increasing his wealth. Bezos also owns Washington Post, aerospace company Blue Origin and other private investments. Bezos had the world's most expensive divorce last year alone.

He agreed to give his ex-wife a 25 percent stake in Amazon. The stock is currently valued at  63 billion. Bezos' ex-wife Mackenzie Scott, who donated  1.7 billion to charity, is now the 14th richest person in the world and the second richest woman.

In the first place is Francisco is Bettencourt Meyers. Bezos is not the only player to leap into the ocean of wealth in the boat of technology. Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg set a record of 100 billion on Tuesday alone.

He amassed  3.4 billion in a single day from his stock on Facebook, bringing his net worth to ३ 103.1 billion. The wealth of his property was not limited to that. On Wednesday afternoon alone, his net worth rose to  109.1 billion.

At the same time, the number of rich people with assets of one hundred billion dollars has reached a lot so far. Bezos, Gates, Bernard Arnaut, and the newly crowned Mark Zuckerberg have also been added. Arnaut now has 115 billion in assets.

Bezos has donated, 2.6 million worth of 7,548 shares of his stock to a non-profit organization, setting a new record of  200 billion. Bezos's net worth now stands at  205 billion (Rs 243.89 billion), including inflation.

Politics and history of Nepal’s Kalapani claim

The Nepali media also backed the country's historic claim to the region, but the coverage of governments in Kathmandu without much emphasis on Nepal's rightful claim to the region has been measured with much blame.

Former Director General of Nepal Topographic Survey, Punya Prasad Oli said there was a "gentleman's agreement" between Nepal and Indian authorities to publish maps after the joint issue of border / delimitation operations and strip maps of their joint border. . After India released its map in November, Nepal was no help, but released its edition.

It was only in 1981 that the two countries formed the Nepal-India Technical Level Joint Boundary Group, which decided to locate the borders, maintain the dilapidated and missing boundary columns and freeze the areas where they were built.

As clearly stated, Nepal's position in relation to Kalapani, Lipu Lekh and Limpiyadhura is based on a map of British East India, published after the Treaty of Sougouli of 1816 - especially the British map of 1857.

Deepak Gurung needs to be educated in Nepal

On the other hand, India's position is based on a map of the British Survey of India 1857–1881 and beyond. It should be remembered that Nepal's Topographic Survey published the first map of Nepal in 1976, but the artist, Lipu Lekh and Limpiyadhura were not shown. On the other hand, Nepal maps published in textbooks during the Panchayat period contain these areas. The new political map has an appendix-like piece from the northwest corner of Nepal.

There is no other treaty that Nepal has entered into with British India, claiming that Nepal has changed its western boundary due to natural causes. Although the flow of rivers has changed in some sections of Terai following the Treaty, the status of the river is taken as a boundary at the time of the Treaty, according to international boundary principles.

An Indian argument is that British cartographers continued to move the Kashi River to the east for strategic reasons, so Nepal should accept it without question.

There are no records in Nepal to suggest that these boundaries were jointly made between the British East India Company and Nepal. There is no water on the international border crossing due to a change in the route of the mountain river. Although these changes along the river route are described in maps published by the Survey of India under British rule, they cannot be used as a reference for determining international boundaries.

Two Nepal-India allies face Alisha Sizapati

Perhaps Indian Army Chief General M.N. Narvana made a very serious statement last week, which suggested that Nepal was influenced by the 'Third Party' in bringing about the issue of artisans. It is not only in Nepal but also in India where the former Indian Ambassador to Nepal is. A-Salah said, creating a ruckus.

According to Biswabandhu Thapa, who was the Home Minister in the reign of King Mahendra in Nepal in 1962, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote a personal letter to King Mahendra. Ask for the Indian War.

How was Nepal formed?

The history of Nepal dates back to the times of Gopal and Mahishpas, who were considered the earliest rulers of the valley with their capital at Matarthirtha in the southwestern. They are called 7th or 8th century BC.

It is said that the valley was ruled for many centuries after the conquest of the Kirakas. His famous king Yalumbar is also mentioned in the 'Umber Mahabharata', as he is said to have inspired his troops to the epic war. Lichavis came from northern India and separated the rays. One of Lichchavi's heritage is the Changu Narayan Temple near Bhaktapur, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Culture) dating back to the 4th century. At the beginning of the 7th century, his king Ambubhavarma married his daughter Bhrikuti with the famous Tibetan king, Song Tseng Gampo, forming good relations with Tibet. The Lichtavis took art and architecture to the valley, but the golden age of creativity reached its peak in 1200 A.D.

During his 550-year reign, Malas built magnificent temples and created beautiful palaces with beautiful wooden figures and metal squares.

During his reign the valley communities and cities were well organized; Excellent religious festivals were introduced and literature, music, art and drama were promoted. After the death of King Yaksha Malla, the valley was divided into three states: Kathmandu (Kantipur), Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon) and Patan (Lalitpur). At the time, it was divided into 46 independent princely states, as we know it today. The Gurkha Kingdom was ruled by the Shah. At this time most of Kathmandu valley history was recorded by Capuchin fibers in Tibet and Italy who lived in the outer valley. The ambitious Gurkha king, Prithvi Narayan Shah, conquered a victory which led to the conquest of all the kingdoms of the valley, including 1769, at Kirtipur. Instead of separating the newly formed kingdoms from his Gurkha kingdom, Prithvi Narayan decided to step down. Thus, the capital of Kathmandu established the Shah Dynasty that unified Nepal from the late 18th century to 2008.

The Kingdom of Gurkha dates back to 1559 when the Dravid Shah established his kingdom on a predetermined land of the people of Gurung and Magar.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Gurkha Empire gradually expanded, conquering some neighboring kingdoms and forging alliances with others. Finally, Prithvi Narayan Shah led his forces into the Kathmandu valley. After a long struggle, he defeated all the kings of the valley and established his palace in Kathmandu and left the Gurkha for good. Sensing the danger of British rule in India, he drove European missionaries out of the country and Nepal was closed to the outside world for a century. Jung Bahadur Rana came to power in the mid-19th century as the first Prime Minister of Nepal and rose to power more than Shah Raja.

The king became the only person, and Jung Bahadur initiated the hereditary rule of the Rana Prime Ministers, which lasted for 104 years. In 1950, Rana was overthrown in a coup to bring democracy to the country with the strong support of the then Nepal Emperor, Tribhuvan. Soon after Ranas was deposed, Tribhuvan was re-appointed king. In early 1959, Tribhuvan's son Raja Mahendra issued a new constitution, and the first democratic election for a national assembly.

The panchayat system lasted until the 1990s, until then, when the popular mass movement led by government-limited political parties known as the 'ST Majesty's Government' paved the way for democracy.

A long struggle ensued when Raja Birendra accepted constitutional reforms and established a multi-party parliament with him as head of state and a prime minister under him. In February 1996, the Maoist parties declared a people's war against the monarchy and the elected government. On 1 June 2001, a terrible tragedy destroyed the entire Nepalese royal family, including Birendra and Aishwarya Rani, along with their close relatives. King Birendra's brother, Jnanendra and his family were left, and he was crowned king. King Gnanendra followed the elected government for a time, but later rejected an elected parliament to gain totalitarian power. In April 2006, the democratic parties jointly launched a mass movement focusing on Kathmandu, leading to a 19-day curfew imposed by the king.

By reducing the movement and ignoring the curfew, King Jnanendra eventually renounced his power and restored parliament. On 21 November 2006, Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala and Maoist Chairman Prachanda signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2006, enabling the progress of democracy and peace. The king was overthrown and the long Maoist war on the kingdom was over. On April 10, 2008, a constitutional assembly was elected. On 28 May 2008, the newly elected Constituent Assembly declared Nepal a federal democratic republic, ending the 240-year monarchy. In Nepal today, the President and the head of the government are constitutionally elected Prime Minister.

Every Nepalese in Nepal history feels proud to look back.

Situated in the Himalayas, it is a country with a very different topography and culture. The country may seem like a small land, but it has varieties all over the world. It truly is a wonder of nature, the perfect eye candy for people all over the world. Although a small piece of land, the history here is exciting. The conflicts and hardships faced by the ancestors preserved the remains of Nepal. The land of the Gurkhas and the Land of the Brave are just a few of the many titles this small country has received. The ancestors of this country enriched the pages of history with their passion for the country. A land on earth for a rich and diverse culture, this is the legend of Nepal!

According to legends and ancient inscriptions, ancient Hinduism was predominant in Nepal.

Documents say that the Gopal Dynasty was the first dynasty to rule Nepal. Gopal is a grazing cow; He entered Nepal in search of pastures for his cows. Legends say that Negeri Shige had chosen a king from a cow shepherd, hence the term Nepal. The name of Nepal is under the supervision of Rishi. Some people disagree and believe that Nepal is derived from the Tibetan language, and this means wool house, nee means house and Paul means wool. The Gopal Dynasty ruled for about 500 years. After Gopal, the Mahispal dynasty took power; They are the buffalo buffalo. Yalamber is known as the first king of the Kirat dynasty. He is also mentioned in the epic story of the Mahabharata. It was during the reign of King Jidasti of the 7th Kirat that Gautama Buddha visited Nepal to spread Buddhism. The tribes ruled for about 700 years and were later replaced by the Lichhavi Dynasty around 300 A.D. With the onset of the Lichchavi Dynasty, the country reached a significant height in the field of art and culture. The first coins of Nepal, Menaka was printed in the Langkawi Dynasty. The famous Changu Narayan (UNESCO World Heritage Site listed) temple was also built during this period.

It established friendly relations with Tibet and opened trade routes with Tibet. With the Malla Dynasty came the golden age of art, culture and architecture. 

They built beautiful palaces, also known as durbar squares, which symbolize the grandeur of Nepali architecture. He has so many talented architects and the temples and structures he has built are so beautiful that he will forever change the history of Nepal! During this period, many artisans were sent to Tibet for work. On one such occasion, an artisan named Araniko was sent to Tibet along with eight artisans. Subsequently, Eranico Mongolian leader Kublai Khan was on the high court. During the reign of King Jayasthati Malla, Kathmandu Valley was ruled as a unit, but after the death of his grandson, the former Raja Valley was divided into Kathmandu,