Do your hands frequently feel numb or tingly? It could be ‘Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.’

 Do your hands frequently feel numb or tingly? It could be ‘Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.’

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a condition caused by pressure on a nerve in the wrist. It can lead to numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand, as well as difficulty gripping objects.

This condition may occur in individuals experiencing pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, or arthritis, as well as those who frequently perform repetitive wrist movements or have sustained a wrist injury.

You might occasionally feel numbness, tingling, or pain in your hands—symptoms that sometimes worsen at night. Often, however, we fail to realize what is actually happening, leading us to make various guesses or simply dismiss it as a minor, inconsequential issue.

These could be symptoms of ‘Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.’ Although it is a relatively common condition, few people may have heard of it.

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a condition that arises when there is pressure on a nerve located in the wrist. This can cause tingling, numbness, or pain in the hand. According to the UK’s National Health Service (NHS), Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can result in pain felt in the hand, fingers, or arm.

Symptoms may include numbness, a sensation similar to being pricked by needles, weakness in the thumb, or difficulty gripping objects. These symptoms can develop gradually or may appear and disappear intermittently. Symptoms are often more noticeable at night.

Why does it happen?

The primary cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is pressure on a nerve located in the wrist.

The following conditions may increase the risk of developing this problem:

– Being overweight.

– Pregnancy.

– Tasks or activities that require repetitive bending of the wrist.

– Use of tools that produce vibrations.

– Having health conditions such as arthritis or diabetes.

– A family history of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (e.g., in parents or siblings).

– A previous injury to the wrist.

Other causes

Diabetes can also lead to this condition. Peripheral nerve issues may also occur in individuals who consume excessive amounts of alcohol.

Additionally, a deficiency in Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, potassium, or magnesium can cause swelling in the hands. Certain types of infections or inflammation of the nerves can also lead to this problem.

How is it treated?

In some cases, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome may resolve on its own. For instance, when it occurs during pregnancy, it often improves after childbirth.

If it does not resolve on its own, there are various treatment options available.

1. Wrist Splint

A wrist splint is a type of support worn on the wrist. It helps reduce pressure on the nerve in the wrist. It is typically worn at night while sleeping. A doctor may recommend using it for approximately 6 weeks.

2. Avoiding Factors That Exacerbate the Problem

You should try to avoid activities that require frequent bending of the wrist or place pressure on the nerves. For example, you can limit the use of tools that cause vibration or other specific types of equipment.

3. Pain-Relieving Medication

A doctor may prescribe pain-relieving medication to help alleviate the pain caused by Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

4. Hand Exercises

Appropriate exercises for the hands and wrists can help reduce symptoms. However, if the pain increases while exercising, you should stop and consult a doctor.

5. Surgery

If Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is severe, surgery may be necessary. A doctor might recommend surgery if the condition does not improve with medication or other standard treatments, or if weakness increases due to pressure on the nerve. The primary goal of the surgery is to relieve the pressure on the nerve.

Important Considerations

If you frequently experience swelling or pain in your hands, or feel weakness in your fingers, it is advisable to get checked by a doctor. If you experience sudden swelling or weakness in your hand, accompanied by symptoms such as facial drooping or slurred speech, you must seek emergency medical care immediately.

An AI tool that predicts how long a patient might live—just by looking at their face!

 An AI tool that predicts how long a patient might live—just by looking at their face!

American researchers have developed an AI tool called "FAHR-FaceSurvival" that can estimate a patient's remaining lifespan based on images of their face.

Scientists have created a tool designed to help doctors gauge the severity of a patient's health condition by examining their face. The American researchers stated that they trained this tool using images of millions of healthy individuals, as well as 35,000 images of cancer patients.

They claim that the tool can estimate how long a patient might live by conducting a detailed analysis of specific areas, particularly the region around the eyes.

According to the researchers, the tool is not yet ready for use in clinical settings; significant further work is required. The scientists explained that the tool is intended to assist doctors in determining the most appropriate treatment for a patient.

Preliminary findings from the study have been published in *The Lancet Health* journal.

Which part of the face provides the most information?

The AI ​​tool is named "FAHR-FaceSurvival." According to the tool, two specific areas of the face are the most critical for estimating an individual's potential lifespan: the area beneath the eyes and the upper part of the nose, located between the eyes.

When estimating a patient's life expectancy, the tool places the greatest emphasis on these specific facial regions. According to researchers, these indicators have proven useful across various types of cancer. The tool has been found effective even in patients with cancer ranging from mild to very severe, including cases where the cancer had spread to the bones or the brain.

Most of the images of cancer patients used to develop this tool came from individuals in the United States and the Netherlands, aged between 50 and 70. However, the study also included some children and patients over the age of 90.

Physicians already conduct various tests and health screenings to assess a patient's current condition and predict their future health status. A patent application has been filed for this AI tool, though it has yet to be approved. Scientists emphasize that the tool is designed to assist physicians rather than replace them.

Dr. Raymond Mak, a lead researcher at Mass General Brigham hospital in Boston, USA, notes that as human life expectancy increases, physicians require additional support to select the most appropriate treatment—whether it be radiation therapy, surgery, or systemic medical treatments.

According to Dr. Mak, the tool helps physicians assess a patient's remaining physical strength and their level of frailty.

Dr. Mak explains that the researchers' goal is to make health assessments based on facial images more accurate, consistent, and applicable to larger populations. This can assist in selecting treatments tailored to each patient's condition, but it does not replace a physician's clinical judgment.

Another AI Tool for Estimating Biological Age

Mac and his colleagues are also testing another AI tool, which estimates an individual's biological age. In other words, rather than determining age based on a date of birth, it assesses how old a person appears based on their physical appearance—specifically their body and face.

This tool is called "FaceAge."

According to the tool, the skin beneath the nose and around the mouth can provide useful indicators regarding the rate at which a person is aging. This includes the lines extending from the nose to the corners of the lips, as well as the lines running from the corners of the mouth toward the chin. Additionally, wrinkles on the forehead and around the eyes, along with the appearance of the temples and cheeks, can offer insights into the aging process.

Dr. Mac notes that the tool has yielded "remarkably consistent" results across various types of photographs taken in everyday settings. Variations in photography techniques, lighting, facial expressions, or the use of makeup did not significantly alter the results.

The tool was also tested in the context of various plastic surgery procedures. In most cases, the results remained largely stable; however, some changes were observed following rhinoplasty—surgery performed to alter the shape of the nose. ‘It’s in the early stages; more data is needed’

Although these results are encouraging, researchers state that more data—specifically images of faces from a diverse range of individuals—is required to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of these tools.

In particular, more images of people from various ethnic groups are needed. Neither tool is fully developed yet; work to further improve them is ongoing.

The research team is also inviting the general public to participate in this study. Interested individuals can send a photograph of their face to the researchers to receive a personal estimate of their biological age.

Professor Miroslav Bober, an expert in video processing and machine learning at the University of Surrey in the UK, notes that it is premature to claim that these tools can monitor the aging process over time or track changes resulting from lifestyle adjustments.

“This is a promising experiment in its early stages, but it is not yet ready for clinical use,” he said.

According to him, the results generated by these tools need to be compared against the professional assessments made by physicians. Furthermore, [data from] various hospitals and... It should also be tested on patients from different groups.

Smiling in the company of others but crying in solitude—what is ‘masked depression’?

Smiling in the company of others but crying in solitude—what is ‘masked depression’?

In ‘masked depression,’ an individual may appear normal, happy, or active on the outside, while experiencing deep-seated sadness, hopelessness, and stress internally.

Many people seek to manage daily stress through activities like listening to music, traveling, or practicing *pranayama* (breathing exercises)—a concept that has existed for a long time. Awareness regarding this issue is growing over time. Nevertheless, it remains crucial to accept that experiencing mental health struggles is just as common as dealing with other types of health issues.

Even when you feel like everything is normal, you might actually be struggling with a mental health issue. You may continue with your daily routine and seem perfectly fine when in a group, yet feel a sense of inner turmoil when alone—this could be a sign of a mental health problem.

What is ‘masked depression’?

‘Masked depression’—also referred to as hidden depression—is a mental health issue that remains concealed. In this state, even the individuals themselves may perceive themselves as doing just fine. They might be unable to recognize that they are suffering from a mental health issue, or they may be actively hiding it.

Outwardly, such individuals may appear normal, happy, or active. They might smile in front of others and act as though everything is perfectly fine. However, when in solitude, they may experience profound sadness, hopelessness, or mental stress; they might struggle with sleep, or even have thoughts of suicide.

‘Masked depression’ is not a distinct mental health disorder in itself. Rather, the term is used to describe a situation where the symptoms of depression are not clearly visible to the outside world. It is possible to determine the situation by identifying the symptoms.

Symptoms

– Appearing happy on the outside—laughing with others, having fun, and staying active at work—while feeling sad or hopeless on the inside.

– Experiencing persistent fatigue or a lack of physical energy.

– Physical ailments such as headaches, body aches, heart palpitations, or gastritis.

– Difficulty sleeping (insomnia) or excessive sleeping.

– Significant changes in appetite—either eating much more or much less than usual.

– Becoming easily angered or annoyed by minor matters, a desire to withdraw from others, and increased irritability.

– Difficulty focusing on work, making decisions, or losing interest in activities that were previously enjoyable.

What should be done?

– Let go of the belief that "nothing is wrong" or that it is impossible for you to have a mental health issue.

– Share the emotions and challenges you are experiencing with someone you trust.

– If feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or a loss of interest persist for two weeks or longer, consult a mental health professional.

If someone is having thoughts of self-harm or suicide, do not leave them alone; seek immediate assistance from the nearest hospital or mental health service provider.

In reality, people often imagine someone struggling with depression or stress as someone who is always sad or socially isolated. However, individuals suffering from depression can also appear highly productive and socially active. Therefore, rather than limiting depression solely to a specific range of symptoms, it is important to understand it through professional counseling. 

Taking Vitamin D Supplements Without a Doctor’s Advice? Beware!

 Taking Vitamin D Supplements Without a Doctor’s Advice? Beware!

Consuming high doses of Vitamin D supplements for an extended period without a doctor’s guidance can lead to hypercalcemia and cause serious damage to the kidneys.

Vitamin D, which is obtained from sunlight, is an essential nutrient for the body.

It plays a crucial role in strengthening bones, supporting normal muscle function, and maintaining a healthy balance of calcium in the body. However, if you start taking supplements indiscriminately—under the pretext of addressing a deficiency—it could end up causing harm rather than providing any benefit.

Recently, as public awareness regarding Vitamin D deficiency has grown, so too has the number of people taking Vitamin D supplements. Some individuals consume high doses over long periods without consulting a doctor. Yet, taking more Vitamin D than the body requires can lead to various health complications.

Therefore, before taking Vitamin D, it is essential to understand whether you actually need it, the correct dosage, and the potential adverse effects of excessive intake.

What happens to the body when there is too much Vitamin D?

Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus from food—minerals that are vital for the health of bones and teeth. However, consuming excessive amounts of Vitamin D supplements over a long period can cause the intestines to absorb more calcium than necessary. This results in calcium levels in the blood rising above the normal range—a condition known as hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can manifest with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst, muscle weakness, and frequent urination. In severe cases, it can also affect the heart, nervous system, and kidneys.

Vitamin D toxicity typically occurs due to the long-term consumption of excessive amounts of supplements. This problem is unlikely to arise when obtaining Vitamin D solely through sun exposure or dietary sources.

Serious impact on the kidneys

When blood calcium levels rise, the kidneys must excrete more calcium through urine. This increases the concentration of calcium in the urine, raising the risk of developing kidney stones.

In severe cases, calcium can accumulate within the kidney tissue itself—a condition known as nephrocalcinosis—which can impair kidney function. If this condition persists over a long period, it may lead to a decline in renal function.

Increased risk of falls and bone fractures

Consuming higher amounts of Vitamin D does not necessarily make bones stronger. Some studies have indicated that administering very high doses of Vitamin D—particularly to the elderly—can actually increase the risk of falls and bone fractures.

For instance, one study involving the administration of 500,000 IU of Vitamin D once a year found an increased risk of falls and bone fractures among elderly women. Therefore, it is not advisable to consume more than necessary—or an excessively large amount at once—simply with the intention of strengthening your bones.

What should you keep in mind when taking Vitamin D supplements?

Although Vitamin D is essential for the body, the required amount can vary based on an individual's age, health status, diet, and existing Vitamin D levels in the body.

You should not take high-dose Vitamin D supplements for an extended period without a doctor's advice. If you suspect a Vitamin D deficiency, you can undergo a blood test and consult a medical professional. A "25-hydroxy Vitamin D" test is typically used to check the levels of Vitamin D in the body.

Individuals with kidney issues, a history of kidney stones, or high blood calcium levels should exercise particular caution when taking Vitamin D supplements.

Under what circumstances might a doctor recommend Vitamin D?

A doctor may recommend Vitamin D supplements if there is a diagnosed deficiency, a high risk of deficiency, or the presence of certain bone-related conditions.

For those with a Vitamin D deficiency, a doctor might prescribe a high dose for a specific duration. Following such treatment, it may be necessary to switch to a lower, regular maintenance dose. Therefore, you should not exceed the dosage or duration prescribed by your doctor.

How much is required?

Generally, adults aged 19 to 70 require 600 IU of Vitamin D daily, while individuals over the age of 70 require 800 IU. For adults, 4,000 IU per day is considered the tolerable upper intake level; it is not a target daily intake amount.

For individuals with a Vitamin D deficiency, a doctor may recommend a higher dose for a specific duration, depending on individual needs. It is important to ensure the body receives an adequate amount of essential nutrients; however, consuming more does not necessarily equate to greater benefits. Seeking medical advice is the safest way to determine the appropriate dosage and duration of Vitamin D intake.

'Cardiac Arrest' as the Cause of Nana Patekar's Death: What Is This Condition?

 'Cardiac Arrest' as the Cause of Nana Patekar's Death: What Is This Condition?

Cardiac arrest is not merely a "weak heart." A severe disruption in the heart's electrical system can cause its pumping ability to stop abruptly.

'Cardiac Arrest' as the Cause of Nana Patekar's Death: What Is This Condition?

Actor Nana Patekar was rushed to the hospital in an unconscious state from his residence in Goa. Despite medical professionals' efforts to save him—including performing CPR for approximately 45 minutes—they were unsuccessful.

According to Dr. Shekhar Salkar, Head of the Oncology Department at Manipal Hospital, Nana Patekar suffered a severe cardiac arrest. It is reported that he passed away at 5:20 AM. However, as further medical procedures are underway, the definitive details regarding the cause of death will be clarified following a post-mortem examination.

Nana Patekar's passing has drawn attention once again to a serious health condition: cardiac arrest.

What exactly is cardiac arrest? Why does the heartbeat suddenly stop? And how does a person face death within mere minutes when the heart ceases to pump blood?

What Is Cardiac Arrest?

In simple terms, cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood.

According to Dr. Ranjit Kumar Sharma, a Senior Consultant Cardiologist and Head of the Cardiology Department at Medicity Hospital, the term "cardiac" refers to the heart, while "arrest" signifies a stoppage or cessation. When a serious malfunction occurs in the heart's electrical system, the heartbeat becomes irregular, and the heart is unable to pump the necessary amount of blood throughout the body. This condition is known as cardiac arrest.

Immediate impact when the heart stops

The heart is the body's most vital pump. It continuously delivers oxygenated blood to all organs of the body. However, during a cardiac arrest, this pump suddenly stops functioning.

Dr. Sharma explains, "The heart is the most important pump in our body. It continuously supplies oxygenated blood to all our organs. When a cardiac arrest occurs, the heart suddenly stops performing this function. The impact of this becomes apparent in the brain within just a few seconds."

Once the heart stops pumping blood, oxygen no longer reaches the brain. The individual may suddenly lose consciousness, breathing may cease, and other bodily organs may also begin to fail.

"If the heart does not resume functioning within 3 to 5 minutes, the brain sustains permanent damage, leading to death," says Dr. Sharma.

Therefore, every single minute counts during a cardiac arrest. Initiating CPR immediately and obtaining emergency medical care can be decisive in saving a life.

Why does cardiac arrest occur?

There are various causes for cardiac arrest; however, in most cases, it is linked to underlying heart-related issues.

According to Dr. Sharma, a heart attack often precedes the event. When a heart attack damages the heart muscle, it can also disrupt the heart's electrical system. Subsequently, a severe disturbance in the heart's rhythm can occur, potentially leading to cardiac arrest.

During a heart attack, a blood clot may form in a coronary artery—the vessel that supplies blood to the heart—or the artery may become completely blocked. As a result, the heart muscle does not receive an adequate supply of blood and oxygen.

This can affect the heart's electrical system. The heart's normal rhythm may be disrupted, leading to serious conditions such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.

The heart merely 'quivers' instead of pumping.

In the case of ventricular fibrillation, the lower chambers of the heart—the ventricles—fail to contract normally to pump blood. Instead, they quiver in an irregular, chaotic manner.

Dr. Sharma explains, "When the heart's rhythm is disrupted, it cannot pump blood effectively. The heart merely 'quivers' rather than performing its pumping function."

In such a state, blood flow throughout the body effectively ceases. The individual may suddenly collapse, lose consciousness, and, within a short time, stop breathing altogether.

Therefore, if a heart attack is not treated in a timely manner, the risk of cardiac arrest increases. While a heart attack and cardiac arrest are not the same thing, a heart attack can trigger cardiac arrest.

It can also occur due to heart rhythm disturbances.

Another significant cause of cardiac arrest is a severe disruption in the heart's rhythm. "A heart attack, electrolyte imbalance, stress, medication, or congenital factors can cause the heartbeat to become extremely rapid or irregular," says Dr. Sharma. "When the lower part of the heart begins to quiver—either extremely fast or in an erratic manner—the heart becomes unable to pump blood. This can cause a person to collapse within mere seconds."

Viewed in this light, cardiac arrest is not simply a matter of the heart becoming "weak." A severe disruption in the heart's electrical system can cause its pumping function to cease abruptly.

This is precisely why, in the event of a cardiac arrest, every single second counts.

If a person suddenly collapses, becomes unresponsive, and is not breathing normally, taking immediate action—calling for emergency assistance, initiating CPR, and using an AED (if available)—is crucial for saving their life.

Indiscriminate Use of Medication During Dashain Festivities Can Worsen Health

 Indiscriminate Use of Medication During Dashain Festivities Can Worsen Health

Warnings have been issued that health risks may increase during Dashain due to careless dietary habits, the use of medication without medical advice, and the skipping of regular doses of prescribed medicine.

Dashain is a major festival for the Nepali people. Family reunions, delicious food, joyful gatherings, and long journeys make this festival special. However, the excitement of the festive season can lead to health risks—stemming from poor dietary choices, irregularities in taking regular medications, and the tendency to use drugs without consulting a doctor.

Often, when people experience a headache, fever, cold, or indigestion, they immediately purchase medication from a pharmacy. It is also common for people to use old medicines that have been lying around at home for a long time, or to recommend such medications to others.

Such habits are risky from a health perspective.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the inappropriate use of medication as a significant public health challenge. According to the WHO, the misuse of medicine not only increases health risks but also leads to the wastage of resources intended for medical treatment.

Indiscriminate Use of Medication for Pain and Fever

During Dashain, factors such as long-distance travel, fatigue, lack of sleep, and an unbalanced diet can lead to issues like headaches, body aches, or fever. It is unwise to take medication the moment such symptoms appear without first understanding the underlying cause.

Consuming medications like paracetamol in doses exceeding the recommended amount can cause severe damage to the liver. Since many combination medicines used for colds and flu contain paracetamol, taking different medications simultaneously can lead to an excessive dosage of the same active ingredient.

Similarly, the indiscriminate use of pain relievers like ibuprofen and diclofenac can cause stomach ulcers, internal bleeding, or kidney damage. Extra caution is required, especially for the elderly, individuals with pre-existing kidney or heart conditions, and those who are already taking regular medication.

**The Misuse of Antibiotics: Another Challenge**

The tendency to take antibiotics immediately upon experiencing a sore throat, cold, flu, or fever is a major public health concern. Since most colds and flu are caused by viruses, antibiotics are ineffective in treating such infections.

Taking antibiotics when they are not needed can lead to side effects such as allergies, diarrhea, and other adverse reactions. Furthermore, their improper use can contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. In such cases, medications become less effective against the bacteria causing the infection, making treatment significantly more difficult.

Therefore, one should avoid taking antibiotics without medical advice, using leftover medication from previous illnesses, or consuming medicine prescribed for someone else. Medications prescribed by a doctor must be taken in the exact dosage and for the duration specified. If any adverse effects occur, consult a healthcare professional rather than changing the medication on your own. Missing Regular Medication Can Increase Risks

During the Dashain festival—whether traveling home, staying with relatives, or embarking on long-distance journeys—individuals with conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, asthma, or other chronic illnesses may inadvertently miss their regular medications. Changes in diet and daily routines during the festive season can also lead to irregularities in taking prescribed medication.

Discontinuing medications used to manage chronic conditions—simply because one feels "fine"—is dangerous. It is particularly critical for individuals using insulin, anti-epileptic drugs, blood thinners, or steroids to strictly follow their doctor's instructions.

Before setting out on a journey, ensure you carry an adequate supply of your necessary medications. Keep a record of the names of your medicines and the scheduled times for taking them, and make arrangements to ensure you take them on time. If a dose is missed, do not take it upon yourself to compensate by doubling the dose.

What precautions should individuals with high uric acid levels take during Dashain?

 What precautions should individuals with high uric acid levels take during Dashain?

Since uric acid levels tend to rise during Dashain, it is advised to limit the consumption of purine-rich meats—such as goat, buffalo, liver, and kidneys—and instead incorporate vegetables and salads into one's diet.

The very mention of Dashain brings to mind meat dishes, delicious food, and gatherings with relatives. Many people believe that regardless of what they eat throughout the rest of the year, Dashain is a time to indulge in tasty food and enjoy themselves.

During this period, some people also consume more meat, often accompanied by beer or other alcoholic beverages. Even those who are usually very mindful of their diet tend to overindulge during Dashain.

After all, festivals are meant for eating and having a good time!

However, the dietary experience during Dashain is not the same for everyone. In particular, those prone to high uric acid levels need to be extra careful with their food choices; giving in to the temptation of taste could risk triggering a flare-up of their condition.

Does eating meat automatically raise uric acid levels? Could eating a bit too much cause complications? Such questions can leave many feeling uncertain. It is not the case that everyone with high uric acid must follow the exact same dietary restrictions. Some individuals may have elevated uric acid levels in their blood without showing any symptoms, while others may experience joint swelling, redness, and excruciating pain—a condition known as "gout." Uric acid is produced when a substance called 'purine' breaks down in the body. Typically, the kidneys excrete it through urine. If the body produces an excess of uric acid, or if the kidneys are unable to excrete a sufficient amount, the level of uric acid in the blood can rise.

When this accumulates and forms tiny crystals in the joints, it can lead to a condition known as gout.

Does the diet during Dashain increase uric acid levels?

During Dashain, people often consume large quantities of meat dishes, along with foods that are oily, spicy, or contain items like paneer (cottage cheese). Because these foods are tasty, there is a common tendency to overeat in a single sitting or to consume such dishes consistently over several days. However, those prone to high uric acid levels need to be extra mindful of their diet.

In particular, red meat—such as goat or buffalo—as well as dishes made from organ meats like liver and kidneys, contain high levels of purine.

Consequently, consuming large amounts of these foods can raise blood uric acid levels or trigger a flare-up of gout. Purine is also found in fish and chicken; therefore, one should not assume that 'white meat' can be consumed in unlimited quantities. Rather than avoiding meat entirely during Dashain, a more practical approach is to limit portion sizes and avoid the habit of including meat in every single meal.

Thus, instead of filling your plate exclusively with meat during Dashain, you can manage your intake by incorporating vegetables, salads, and other nutritious foods.

Is it okay to consume alcohol? Although it is common to consume alcohol with friends and family during Dashain, abstaining is the safest choice if you suffer from high uric acid levels. Even if you decide to drink, the general advice to "consume in moderation" does not define a universally "safe" amount for everyone.

If you are experiencing a gout flare-up or have other underlying health issues, you should avoid alcohol entirely. Similarly, you should limit the intake of soft drinks like Coke, Fanta, and other sugar-sweetened beverages; the fructose found in these drinks can increase uric acid levels.

**Legumes and Protein**

Legumes also contain purines. However, purines derived from plant-based foods do not necessarily pose the same level of risk as those found in meat or seafood. Therefore, foods such as lentils, chickpeas, beans, and soybeans can be consumed in balanced amounts.

It is better to focus on a varied diet that includes vegetables and fruits, ensuring your meals provide the necessary nutrition. During Dashain, rather than simply sitting around eating and resting, it is advisable to incorporate some walking or physical activity to help digest what you have consumed.

**Does high uric acid always require medication?**

Not everyone with elevated uric acid levels in their blood requires medication. A condition where no symptoms are present is known as "asymptomatic hyperuricemia." In such cases, medication to lower uric acid is generally not initiated.

However, a doctor may make a decision based on an individual's overall health, kidney function, and other risk factors. The situation is different when uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints, leading to a condition known as gout. The primary symptoms include sudden swelling, redness, and excruciating pain—most commonly in the joint of the big toe. The pain can be so intense that even placing the foot on the ground, putting on a sock, or having a blanket brush against it becomes difficult.

This pain may subside on its own after a few hours or days, and there might be no further issues for months or even years. However, the subsiding of pain does not mean the condition has been cured. Over time, the condition may flare up repeatedly; if left untreated, the accumulated uric acid crystals can form hard lumps in the joints, known as "tophi."

Therefore, it is not advisable to take medication only when pain occurs and stop once it subsides. If a doctor has prescribed medication to lower uric acid levels, you should not discontinue it on your own.

5 Things to Keep in Mind Regarding Diet and Lifestyle During Dashain

1. Stay active: Engage in regular walking, avoid sitting in one place for too long, and incorporate light exercise.

2. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration. Be mindful of your diet, and adjust your fluid intake based on your specific health condition and bodily needs.

3. Take medication consistently: Do not stop taking your uric acid-lowering medication just because your diet or eating habits have changed during the Dashain festival.

4. Avoid alcohol and an unbalanced diet: It is wise to exercise moderation regarding alcohol consumption and overeating, even during the festive season.

What should you keep in mind when consuming alcohol and medication together?

 What should you keep in mind when consuming alcohol and medication together?

Given the tradition of consuming alcohol during the Dashain festival, doctors advise those currently taking medication to be aware of potential interactions between alcohol and their drugs.

It is common to consume alcohol for enjoyment during Dashain. Alcohol, in itself, is not beneficial for health. Individuals who consume alcohol should be mindful of how it might interact with any medications they are taking.

Alcohol can amplify the effects of sleep-inducing medications and certain allergy drugs. For instance, consuming alcohol alongside medications like Diazepam or Alprazolam (used for sleep or anxiety) or Zolpidem (used as a sleep aid) can be harmful. Combining alcohol with such drugs carries risks, including excessive drowsiness, dizziness, impaired judgment, and a loss of physical balance.

Consuming alcohol while taking allergy medications—such as Chlorpheniramine or Diphenhydramine—can also intensify drowsiness and dizziness. Even with medications like Cetirizine, which are generally less sedating, some individuals may still experience these heightened effects. This increases the risk of falls or road accidents and, in severe cases, can even interfere with breathing.

Individuals taking antibiotics should also exercise particular caution regarding alcohol. Consuming alcohol while on Metronidazole, for example, can trigger reactions such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, facial flushing, and an increased heart rate. Since Tinidazole also carries this risk, one should not consume alcohol during the course of treatment or for a specified period after stopping the medication.

Therefore, the safest course of action is to avoid alcohol while taking the medication. You should follow the instructions provided on the medicine label and consult your doctor or pharmacist regarding potential interactions with alcohol.

12 Health Myths That Need to Be Debunked

 12 Health Myths That Need to Be Debunked

Superfoods are packed with nutrients but possess no magical properties; a balanced intake is essential.

Protein isn't just for young bodybuilders; older adults also need it for muscle repair.

You shouldn't cut back on water intake when dealing with water retention; doing so actually worsens the problem.

Few people likely still believe the literal saying that "an apple a day keeps the doctor away." However, when it comes to larger, more popular myths, it can be difficult to decide what to believe and what to dismiss.

The human body is incredibly complex, and many theories surrounding it lack any factual basis. Here, we shed light on the truth behind some of these unfounded theories.

1. Myth: Superfoods have "superpowers"

Fact: While they offer specific benefits, they possess no magical qualities. "Superfood" simply refers to a nutrient-dense food that provides a higher level of nutrition compared to others; however, relying solely on them is not enough. One must maintain a balanced intake based on the body's specific needs.

2. Myth: Protein is only for young bodybuilders

Fact: Protein is often misunderstood. It is essentially a source of amino acids that aids in muscle repair and is efficiently absorbed by the body. Protein supplements are not prescribed solely for the purpose of building muscle mass. It might also be provided to meet the body's protein requirements, given that Nepali meals are primarily carbohydrate-based.

As one ages, protein needs increase, and the rate of muscle loss accelerates. It is crucial for the elderly to include appropriate protein supplements in their diet, as these help with muscle repair and the maintenance of strength and stamina. This is not merely a post-workout supplement; it can be consumed with any meal to meet daily protein requirements.

3. Myth: Drinking water while eating destroys nutrients.

Fact: This is also a myth. Think of your stomach like a blender that mixes food and prepares it for absorption. If the meal consists of items like lentils (dal), vegetable broths, or buttermilk, you might manage without extra water. However, dry foods require fluids for digestion. Water is essential alongside food for proper digestion.

4. Myth: You should drink less water if you have water retention issues.

Fact: Water retention is caused by protein deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, or other medical conditions. If you drink less water, the body begins to hoard it because it needs water to transport nutrients throughout the body and perform vital processes. Consequently, the body conserves water, and the problem worsens.

5. Myth: Fats are always bad.

Fact: It is a mistake to completely avoid fats in an attempt to get very thin. Fats are not the enemy of the body. We need healthy fats—such as olive oil, almond oil, rice bran oil, extra virgin coconut oil, and ghee—as well as fruits that are good sources of Omega-3.

However, processed meats, processed foods, and high-sodium packaged foods are not good for health and should be eliminated from your diet.

6. Myth: Restaurant food is bad for those on a diet.

Fact: Following a diet is not a punishment; rather, it is about making improvements to your lifestyle. It does not mean you have to stop attending social gatherings that involve eating and drinking. There are many healthy options available to choose from when dining out. You can opt for green salads, clear soups, mixed vegetables, or other healthy dishes.

7. Myth: Fruit juice helps with weight loss.

Fact: Fruit juices are beverages packed with calories. It takes 4–5 oranges to make a single glass of orange juice, whereas one could simply eat a single orange. Furthermore, an important point to understand about fruit juice is that the fiber is separated during the juicing process, leaving a drink that is rich in fructose. For those dieting or trying to control calorie intake, eating the whole fruit—fiber and all—is a better choice than drinking juice.

8. Myth: To lose weight, you should cut out carbohydrates and eat only protein.

Fact: Even the healthiest diet can prove detrimental if you do not know the proper portions or balance. You cannot survive on eggs and sprouts alone, nor can you lose weight in a healthy manner by doing so. The body requires a balance of nutrients. Losing weight healthily and maintaining that state calls for a sensible, practical lifestyle and a healthy diet plan.

9. Myth: Bathing in hot water is relaxing.

Fact: From a skin health perspective, this habit can be quite harmful. Long, hot showers can strip the skin of its natural oils, making it dry and hypersensitive, and aggravating itching. Instead, it is better to take short showers using lukewarm water.

10. Myth: Bananas, rice, and potatoes cause weight gain.

Fact: These foods are part of a natural, healthy diet and should not be classified as junk food. Singling out potatoes and rice for criticism is misguided—especially if you are otherwise consuming high-sodium snacks and drinking beer. Fruits, vegetables, and carbohydrates provide a combination of vitamins and minerals that the body needs, even in small amounts. A balanced diet should include a variety of foods.

11. Myth: Drinking water before a workout makes you sick....can be done.

Fact: It is beneficial to drink water before, during, and after exercise because it keeps you hydrated. However, the amount of water to drink depends on age, gender, height, weight, and the intensity and duration of the workout.

12. Myth: Weight training makes women's bodies bulky.

Fact: Women have higher levels of estrogen, which prevents the body from bulking up quickly. Men build muscle faster because they have testosterone. Strength training helps women reduce body fat, increase lean muscle mass, and burn calories effectively.

10 Myths About Brain Strokes That Could Prove Costly

 10 Myths About Brain Strokes That Could Prove Costly

If speech suddenly slurs or limbs feel weak, many people dismiss it as mere fatigue. Some assume the condition will resolve with rest and avoid going to the hospital. In some instances, people even attempt to feed the stroke victim water, food, or medication at home. However, such seemingly minor errors can delay critical treatment.

A brain stroke is a medical emergency where every minute counts. It occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked or a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. The impact depends on the type of stroke, the area of ​​the brain affected, and the time elapsed before treatment begins.

Yet, many misconceptions about strokes persist in society. These myths can delay symptom recognition, the administration of proper first aid, and timely hospital transport.

Myth 1: Strokes only affect the elderly

While the risk of stroke increases with age, this does not mean young people are completely immune. Conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and physical inactivity are increasingly appearing at younger ages; consequently, young people are also at risk. Additionally, smoking, tobacco use, certain heart conditions, and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of stroke.

Myth 2: A stroke always results in the inability to move a part of the body

Weakness or loss of movement in a body part is indeed a symptom of a stroke. However, not every stroke results in the inability to move one's limbs. Sudden difficulty speaking or understanding others, blurred or double vision, loss of balance, and facial drooping on one side can also be signs of a stroke. Therefore, one should not rule out a stroke simply because there is no paralysis of the limbs. If any of these symptoms appear suddenly, they should not be dismissed as minor issues.

Myth 3: Headache is the only main symptom of a stroke

A sudden headache is a symptom that can occur in certain types of strokes. However, it is incorrect to associate stroke solely with headaches. Symptoms such as sudden facial drooping, weakness in an arm or leg, slurred speech, difficulty understanding others, changes in vision, or loss of balance while walking should be taken very seriously. Therefore, one should not ignore other sudden symptoms by assuming it is "just a headache."

Myth 4: Let's wait a while; it will get better on its own

Waiting and hoping the condition will resolve on its own after stroke symptoms appear can be fatal. For certain types of stroke, treatments to restore blood flow are available if the patient reaches the hospital in time. Therefore, instead of staying at home and wasting time after symptoms begin, one should seek medical help as quickly as possible. In stroke treatment, the concept that "time is brain" is crucial; every delay in treatment can lead to further damage to brain cells. Myth 5: If symptoms resolve on their own after a short while, the danger has passed

Sudden physical weakness, difficulty speaking, or vision problems should not be ignored, even if they resolve on their own after a brief period. Such symptoms can indicate a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). A TIA is considered a warning sign of a potential future stroke. It is essential to consult a doctor even if the symptoms have disappeared. Timely identification of the cause and appropriate treatment can help reduce the risk of a serious stroke in the future.

Myth 6: A person suffering a stroke should be given water, food, or medication at home

A stroke can impair a person's ability to swallow. In such a situation, feeding them water, food, or other liquids carries the risk of the substance entering the airway. This is known as aspiration, which can lead to serious lung complications. Therefore, if a stroke is suspected, one should not administer water, food, or any medication on their own at home. The patient should be kept safe and medical assistance sought as quickly as possible.

Myth 7: Recovery from a stroke happens immediately

Not everyone who receives treatment after a stroke returns to a normal state immediately. The impact of a stroke varies depending on which part of the brain was damaged and the extent of that damage. Some individuals may experience persistent speech difficulties, while others may face issues with mobility, limb strength, vision, speaking, comprehension, or the ability to perform daily activities. Consequently, even after emergency treatment, therapies such as physiotherapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and other forms of rehabilitation may be required. Myth 8: There is no effective treatment for stroke

The belief that there is no effective treatment for stroke is incorrect. Particularly with certain types of ischemic stroke, if the patient reaches the hospital in time, treatments to restore blood flow can be administered. Tests such as CT scans or MRIs performed at the hospital help identify the specific type of stroke.

For some ischemic stroke patients, an attempt is made to dissolve blood clots in the vessels using thrombolysis. In suitable patients, a blocked large blood vessel can be opened through a neurointerventional procedure known as mechanical thrombectomy. However, getting the patient to the hospital promptly is crucial for these treatments. Therefore, treatment should not be delayed once stroke symptoms appear.

Myth 9: Once you have had a stroke, it won't happen again

The idea that a stroke will not recur after the first one is also a misconception. A previous stroke or... Individuals who have experienced a TIA remain at risk of a future stroke. Therefore, it is crucial to take prescribed medications regularly, keep blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol levels under control, and adopt necessary lifestyle changes. Those who have previously experienced a stroke should not stop taking their medication on their own or assume that treatment is unnecessary simply because symptoms have disappeared.

Myth 10: Stroke cannot be prevented

While it may not be possible to prevent every stroke, there is much that can be done to reduce the risk. Controlling blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels; avoiding tobacco products; engaging in regular physical activity; maintaining a balanced diet; and taking prescribed medications regularly can help lower the risk of stroke. In particular, controlling high blood pressure is one of the most important measures for reducing stroke risk.

Seek immediate medical attention if these symptoms occur

Symptoms such as sudden drooping of one side of the face, weakness in an arm or leg, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, sudden changes in vision, loss of balance, or difficulty walking should not be dismissed as minor issues. Even if the symptoms disappear within a few minutes, they should not be ignored, as they could be signs of a TIA.

Time is of the essence when it comes to a stroke. Therefore, if such symptoms appear, it is essential to seek immediate medical help rather than attempting home treatment, offering food or water, or waiting to see if the condition improves.

How safe are room fresheners? Know these things before using them

 How safe are room fresheners? Know these things before using them

Room fresheners can add chemicals to the air inside your home, and the risks depend on the product, amount, contact time, ventilation, and individual sensitivity.

Scented chemicals can react with ozone to form formaldehyde, particulate matter, and other secondary pollutants, which can cause headaches, coughing, and difficulty breathing in asthmatics and sensitive individuals.

The use of room fresheners, such as sprays, plug-ins, automatic sprays, reed diffusers, gels, and fragrance beads, is increasing to create a pleasant aroma in the room. These products have become everyday items in many homes because they remove odors and make the room fragrant for a while. But what chemicals are these fragrant products adding to the air inside your home? Are there any health concerns with long-term use?

There is no evidence that using room fresheners causes health problems in everyone. The risk depends on the chemicals used in the product, the amount used, the length of time in contact, the air circulation in the room, and the individual's sensitivity. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, some fragrances can cause asthma or other adverse reactions in sensitive individuals.

Therefore, instead of considering room fresheners as completely harmless or completely safe, it is advisable to use them in small quantities, as needed, and in a place with adequate ventilation.

What is in a room freshener?

The chemical composition of room fresheners varies depending on the type of product. Typically, such products contain fragrance chemicals, essential oils, solvents, and other substances that help disperse the fragrance into the air. Aerosol sprays may use propellants, while reed diffusers, gels, and fragrance beads work to slowly disperse the fragrance.

Even products labeled 'natural', 'green', or 'essential oils' do not necessarily mean they are chemical-free. Essential oils also contain volatile and reactive substances that can change the chemistry of indoor air.

Therefore, just because a product label says “natural” or “low-VOC” doesn’t mean it’s safe for everyone. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, a “low-VOC” or “no-VOC” label doesn’t necessarily indicate that the product contains all the potentially harmful volatile chemicals.

Fragrances can also cause other pollutants

Some of the fragrances in room fresheners can react with ozone already present in indoor air. This reaction can produce formaldehyde, particulate matter, and other secondary pollutants, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. This is especially true for products with scents like citrus or pine.

A study published in 2021 found that some air fresheners tested at “high use” levels could significantly increase particulate matter levels over an hour. The study concluded that while there was no concern about long-term exposure under normal use conditions, excessive exposure should be reduced.

What this shows is that the risks of room fresheners depend not only on the chemicals in the product, but also on the amount of use and the conditions in the room.

Who is most at risk?

Room fresheners can cause headaches, irritation in the nose and throat, coughing, chest tightness, or difficulty breathing in people who are sensitive to fragrances. People with asthma or other respiratory sensitivities should be especially careful. The EPA also notes that fragrances can cause asthma symptoms and other adverse reactions in sensitive people.

So if someone in your home experiences frequent headaches, coughing, or difficulty breathing after using a room freshener, don’t just dismiss it as “not liking the scent.”

Special precautions for children

Liquid room freshener refills, reed diffusers, gels, and fragrance beads should be kept out of the reach of children. Children may accidentally swallow these substances or get them in their eyes or on their skin.

In particular, liquid refills should not be stored in a way that looks like a water or beverage bottle. After use, the bottle should be tightly closed and stored in a safe place. If a child swallows liquid room freshener, it is best to have the product packet or label with you and seek immediate medical advice or contact your local poison control center instead of trying to induce vomiting at home.

When using a plug-in air freshener

Since plug-in air fresheners run continuously, they can release fragrant chemicals into the air for a long time. Therefore, you should choose an appropriate product according to the size of the room and follow the manufacturer's instructions.

Do not place the plug-in air freshener near curtains, bedding, or other flammable materials. If the plug, cord, or appliance becomes unusually hot, frayed, or damaged, stop using it.

Extra precautions for automatic sprays and aerosols

Aerosol sprays may contain flammable materials, so do not use them near candles or flames. Spray when the room is empty. It is best to let the air circulate for a while afterwards. Ensure adequate fresh air and ventilation when using the product.

The difference between ‘odor removal’ and ‘odor masking’

Room In most cases, air fresheners mask the odor rather than eliminating the actual source of the odor. Therefore, if a room has a persistent odor, it is important to find the cause rather than spraying air fresheners repeatedly.

Dirt, damp clothes, garbage disposals, drains, moisture, mold, or inadequate ventilation can be the cause of the odor. Cleaning the actual source, opening windows, and improving ventilation can be more effective than excessive use of room fresheners.

What to do if it gets on your skin or eyes?

If room freshener gets on your skin, wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. If it gets in your eyes, rinse thoroughly with clean water. If irritation, redness, or other problems persist for a long time, seek medical attention.

If a large amount of spray has been inhaled and you are experiencing persistent coughing, difficulty breathing, or chest tightness, move to fresh air and seek immediate medical attention if necessary.

7 Ways to Use Room Fresheners Safely

1. Use sparingly: You don't need to spray a lot to make a room smell good.

2. Improve ventilation: Open windows or doors or arrange for air circulation.

3. Read the label: Follow directions for use, warnings, and storage instructions.

4. Keep away from children and pets: Keep liquid refills, gels, and beads in a safe place.

5. Keep away from fire: Keep aerosols and products containing flammable materials away from open flames.

6. Stop using if you experience problems: Stop using if you experience headaches, coughing, eye or throat irritation, or difficulty breathing.

7. Eliminate the cause of the odor: Instead of just covering up the odor with a freshener, remove dirt, moisture, mold, or other sources.